Discipline underpins high-performance behaviour, and sport psychology has examined it through self-regulation, motivation, resilience, and moral behaviour. Religion has also been studied in athletes, but mainly as a coping resource, an identity marker, or a participation constraint rather than as a self-regulatory system. This narrative review examines how Islamic ethical teachings intersect with established discipline constructs in sport, and proposes the Prophetic Athlete Discipline Model (PADM), which links spiritual, behavioural, moral, and physical dimensions of athlete discipline. Scopus and PubMed were searched purposively in September 2026 using three strings covering religion and sport psychology, Muslim athletes, and Islamic ethical constructs in sport, supplemented by citation tracking from two anchor reviews. Of the (N = 2,286) records screened on title, abstract, and keywords, (n = 70) were retained. Islamic primary sources were handled separately and restricted to Quranic verses, authenticated Prophetic traditions, and established works of Islamic ethics. The retained literature is dominated by cross-sectional and qualitative designs, contains one longitudinal study (n = 1) and three intervention studies (n = 3), and is concentrated in Western settings. Across four domains, Islamic constructs correspond functionally with intention-based motivation, ritual and self-control, moral identity, and recovery behaviour. Qualifying evidence is also present: negative religious coping is associated with adverse pre-competition emotion, the protective component of religiosity appears existential rather than devotional, and Ramadan observance reduces sleep and high-intensity performance. Islamic teachings can be read as a candidate self-regulatory architecture rather than a peripheral cultural variable, but PADM is untested. Its value depends on whether its domains explain variance beyond general religiosity and existing psychological constructs. Instruments now exist to test that.
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