The objective of this study is to carry out the validation of instruments for the items of supply chain management practice via the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The data was collected through questionnaires which was administrated to employees in the manufacturing firms in Nigeria. 100 questionnaires were collected to perform the EFA. The outcomes divulge that the the Bartletts’ Test of Sphericity is significant (P-Value < 0.05). Kaiser Meyer-Olkin (KMO) is exceptional as it surpasses the required value of 0.6. These two outcomes (Bartlett’s Test is significant and KMO > 0.6) implies that the data is suitable in size. The Cronbach’s Alpha test was higher than 0.7 for the all the items of the construct, this indicates that these items are all reliable. This study found a valid and reliable instrument to measure the items of supply chain management practice which could improve performances in manufacturing companies in Nigeria context. This study contributes to the field of supply chain by evaluating and testing items that fit for testing the construct of supply chain management practice.
Awang, Z., Afthanorhan, A., & Mamat, M. (2016). The Likert scale analysis using parametric based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Computational Methods in Social Sciences, 4(1), 13.
Anuar, N, Muhammad, M.M, Awang, Z (2023). Development and Validation of Critical Reading Intention Scale (CRIS) for University Students using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Asian Journal of University Education (AJUE) Volume 19, Number 1, January 2023.
Ateke, B. W., & Nwiepe, N. M. (2017). Agile supply chain management practices and competitiveness of SMEs: A conceptualization. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Research, 3(7), 1-10.
Awang, Z. (2010). Research Methodology for Business and Social Sciences. Universiti Teknologi MARA. Malaysia
Awang, Z. (2012). Research methodology and data analysis: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi, MARA Press.
Bahkia, A. S., Awang, Z., Afthanorhan, A., Ghazali, P. L., & Foziah, H. (2019). Exploratory factor analysis on occupational stress in the context of Malaysian sewerage operations. Paper presented at the AIP Conference Proceedings.
Bahkia, A. S., Awang, Z., Rahlin, N. A., Zulkifli, A. R. (2020). The Importance of Supportive Leadership in the Sewerage Operation Industry: A case of Indahwater Konsortium Private IWK). Humanities & Social Science Reviews, 8(3), 2020, 149-162. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8317.
Birasnav, M. and Bienstock, J. (2019). Supply chain integration, advanced manufacturing technology,and strategic leadership: an empirical study. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 130, 142-157.
Boateng, A. (2019). Supply chain management in the ghanaian building construction industry: a lean construction perspective. 430–439. https://doi.org/10.3311/CCC2019-060.
Cuthbertson, R., & Piotrowicz, W. (2018). Supply chain best practices: Identification and categorization of measures and benefits. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 57(5), 389-404.
Fitriana, N., Hutagalung FD., Awang Z., Zaid, SM. (2022). Happiness at work: A cross-cultural validation of happiness at work scale. PLoS ONE 17(1): e0261617. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.026161.
Hoque, A.S.M.M, Awang, Z., Jusoff, K., Salleh, F., and Muda, H (2017). Social Business Efficiency: Instrument Development and Validation Procedure using Structural Equation Modelling. International Business Management, 11(1), 222-231.
Hoque, A. S. M. M., Siddiqui, B. A., Awang, Z. B., & Baharu, S. M. A. T. (2018). Explortory Factor Analysis of Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Context of Bangladesh Small and Medium Entreprises (SMES). European Journal of Management and Marketing Studies.
Hussain, Z., Jusoh, A.B., Sarfraz, M., & Wahla, K.U.R. (2018). Uncovering the relationship of chain management and firm performance: Evidence from textile sector of Pakistan. Information Management and Business Review, 10(2), 23-29.
Memia, F. K. (2018). Influence of contemporary supply chain practices on performance of large manufacturing firms in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-COHRED).
Mohsen, B.M., (2023). Developments of digital technologies related to supply chain management. Procedia Computer Science, 220, pp.788-795.
Muda, H., Baba, Z. S., Awang, Z., Badrul, N. S., Loganathan, N., & Ali, M. H. (2020). Expert review and pretesting of behavioral supervision in higher education. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education.
Muda, H., Loganathan, N., Awang, Z., Jusoh, H., & Baba, Z.S. (2018). Application of Theory, Methodology and Analysis in Conducting Research. A Practical Guide to Quantitative Research and Thesis Writing, UniSZA Publisher, ISBN: 978-967-2231-11-0
National Bureau of Statistics. (2023). Annual report on Nigerian manufacturing sector. https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng
Noor, N. M., Aziz, A. A., Mostapa, M. R., & Awang, Z. (2015). Validation of the Malay version of the Inventory of Functional Status after Childbirth questionnaire. BioMed research international, 2015.
Odita, A.O., Kifordu A.A., & Nwankwo C.N. (2022). Continous Production and CompetitiveAdvantage in Selected Aluminum Company in South-South. Nigeria, International Journal of Business and Managerial Review, 10(7), 1-12.
Oyedokun, Tomomewo & Owolabi 2019. Cost control and profitability of selected
manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Journal of Accounting and Strategic Finance, 21, 14-33.
Oyewo, B. M., Oyedokun, G. E., & Azuh, A. E. (2019). The use of multi-perspective strategic performance measures by manufacturing firms: Benefits, determinants and challenges. DLSU Business and Economics Review, 29(1), 115-130.
Puska, A., Kozarevic, S., & Okicic, J. (2020). Investigating and analyzing the supply chain practices and performance in agro-food industry. International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management, 15(1), 9-16.
Rok Lee (2021) The Effect of Supply Chain Management Strategy on Operational and Financial Performance Sustainability 2021, 13, 5138. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095138
Yahaya, T., Idris, K., Suandi, T., & Ismail, I. (2018). Adapting instruments and modifying statements: The confirmation method for the inventory and model for information sharing behavior using social media. Management Science Letters, 8(5), 271-282.
Popoola, N. F., & Olapoju, P. M. (2026). Evaluation of the Items to Measure Supply Chain Management Practice in the Manufacturing firms through Exploratory Factor Analysis: Evidence from Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 16(9), 1225–1232.
Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
