This systematic literature review examines 19 peer-reviewed studies of nature and ecological documentaries published between January 2016 and July 2026. Guided by the PRISMA framework, the review uses qualitative content analysis to synthesize research on documentary themes, representational strategies, audience responses, and broader social functions. Three recurring environmental themes were identified: wildlife conservation and biodiversity, ecological pollution and climate crisis, and relationships between humans and nature. The reviewed studies also examine emotional narratives, visual spectacle, audiovisual framing, and culturally situated representations. Audience research indicates that these strategies can influence immediate emotional interpretations, environmental attitudes, and behavioral intentions, although evidence of sustained behavioral change remains limited. Other studies address the contribution of documentaries to public discourse, institutional responses, and national image construction. The literature remains concentrated on internationally prominent Anglophone productions and Chinese state-supported documentaries, while connections among textual, audience, and institutional approaches remain limited. The review therefore highlights the need for more integrated, longitudinal, and cross-cultural research in environmental communication and documentary studies.
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