International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

The Rise of Young Workers in Malaysia’s Gig Economy

Open access
The Malaysian digital economy has undergone a structural transformation, with the gig economy emerging as a primary source of livelihood for over a million individuals. This article examines the rise of young workers within this sector, driven by graduate underemployment and the pursuit of autonomy. While digital labor platforms offer immediate income, they traditionally lack the industrial relations protections afforded to formal employees. Through a qualitative lens, this study explores the challenges faced by young workers in Malaysia's gig economy and recommends further strategic policy interventions to ensure the long-term sustainability of the youth workforce.
ASEAN Briefing. (n.d.). Contract of service vs contract for service in Malaysia. Retrieved from https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/contract-of-service-vs-contract-for-service-in-malaysia/
Bernama. (2026, April 1). PERKESO ready to implement social protection for gig workers. Retrieved from https://www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=2539779
Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. (2026, March 31). Malaysia enforces Gig Workers Act 2025, expanding legal protections for over 1.6 million workers. Retrieved from https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/malaysia-gig-workers-act-enters-into-force-extending-legal-protections-to-over-16-million-workers/
Defossez, D. (2022). The employment status of food delivery riders in Europe and the UK: Self-employed or worker?. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, 29(1), 25–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/1023263X211051833
Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM). (2025, October 31). Graduates Statistics 2024. Retrieved from https://www.dosm.gov.my/portal-main/release-content/graduates-statistics-2024
Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM). (2025, September). Malaysian Economic Statistics Review - Vol. 9/2025. Retrieved from https://storage.dosm.gov.my/analysis/mesr_2025-09_en.pdf
De Stefano, V., Durri, I., Stylogiannis, C., & Wouters, M. (2021). Platform work and the employment relationship. ILO Working Paper 27. Retrieved from https://webapps.ilo.org/static/english/intserv/working-papers/wp027/index.html
ISIS Malaysia. (2023, May 31). Don't let youth be lost generation. Retrieved from https://www.isis.org.my/2023/05/31/dont-let-youth-be-lost-generation-2/
ISIS Malaysia. (2024, November 12). Gig workers bill must balance flexibility with fairness. Retrieved from https://www.isis.org.my/2024/11/12/gig-workers-bill-must-balance-flexibility-with-fairness/Ius Laboris. (2026, March 11). Malaysia's landmark Gig Workers Act coming into effect. Retrieved from https://iuslaboris.com/insights/malaysias-landmark-gig-workers-act-coming-into-effect/
Laws of Malaysia. (2025). Gig Workers Act 2025 (Act 872). Retrieved from https://www.mohr.gov.my/aktapekerjagig2025/assets/documents/Act%20872.pdf
LH-AG. (n.d.). Gig workers: where do they stand? Retrieved from https://lh-ag.com/gig-workers-where-do-they-stand/
Low, C. W., & Mah, P. Y. (2024). The overeducation dilemma: Graduate skill mismatch in Malaysia's labour market. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 33(1), 60-61. Retrieved from https://ijbel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/IJBEL31_34.pdf
MIDF. (2025, July 11). Youth Unemployment and Underemployment: Major Stress Points in Malaysia's Job Market. Retrieved from https://www.midf.com.my/sites/corporate/files/2025-07/econs-msia-may_esg-midf-110725.pdf
Mohd Hed, N., & Abu Yahya, M. H. (2025). “Motivated, but Vulnerable”: Exploring Malaysian youth participation in the gig economy. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/399905260_Motivated_but_Vulnerable_Exploring_Malaysian_youth_participation_in_the_gig_economy
Nazruzila Razniza Mohd Nadzri., Tuan Fatma Tuan Sulaiman., Abdul Mutalib Mohamed Azim., Nurulbahiah Awang., &Mohd Shahril Nizam Md Radzi. (2025). Exploring misclassification status of platform workers in Malaysia for enhanced employment protections. UUM Journal of Legal Studies, 16(2), 70-86. https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2025.16.2.5
Richard Wee Chambers. (n.d.). Rights of gig workers in Malaysia. Retrieved from https://www.richardweechambers.com/rights-of-gig-workers-in-malaysia/
Vieira, T. (2025). An incomplete double movement: Spain's legislative strategy for platform courier reclassification. International Labour Review. Retrieved from https://en.ilr-rit.org/article/pubid/23799/
Maarof, S. Z., & Razak, S. S. A. (2026). The Rise of Young Workers in Malaysia’s Gig Economy. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 16(6), 1309-1319.