The Effect of Green Human Resources Management Practices on Organizational Performance: A Study of the Manufacturing Sector in Jordan

Abazeed, R. (2017). Benchmarking culture and its impact on operational performance: A field study on industrial companies in Jordan. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 6(1), 162–177.
Adriana, L. T. D., Fahira, K. T., Nailissa’adah, M., & El Maula, H. (2020, May). A review the important of green human resource management practices toward employee green behaviour in organization. In Journal of international conference proceedings (Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 124-135). Association of International Business and Professional Management.
Al Mamun, A., Uddin, M. A., Rana, T., Biswas, S. R., & Dey, M. (2024). Socially responsible human resource management for sustainable performance in a moderated mediation mechanism. Sustainable Futures, 8, 100362.
Al Shaar, E. M. (2021). The impact of green human resource management on green supply chain management: The mediating role of green lifestyle. Jordan Journal of Business Administration, 17(1), 53–76.
Alabaddi, Z. A., Rahahleh, A. H., Muflih, M. A., Sana’a, N. A. N., & Salah, A. A. (2020). The role of electronic human resource management on the practices of green human resource management. European Journal of Business and Management, 12(1), 55–72.
Albloush, A., Alharafsheh, M., Hanandeh, R., Albawwat, A., & Shareah, M. A. (2022). Human capital as a mediating factor in the effects of green human resource management practices on organizational performance. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 17(3), 981-990.
Al-dalahmeh, M., Khalaf, R., & Obeidat, B. (2018). The effect of employee engagement on organizational performance via the mediating role of job satisfaction: The case of IT employees in Jordanian banking sector. Modern Applied Science, 12(6), 17-43.
Alkhodary, D. A. (2023). Exploring the relationship between organizational culture and well-being of educational institutions in Jordan. Administrative Sciences, 13(3), 92.
Almahasneh, Y. A. S., Rahman, M. S. B. A., Omar, K. B., & Zulkiffli, S. N. A. (2023). The impact of organizational culture and leadership styles on the performance of public organizations. Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review, 7(1), 158–165.
Almohtaseb, A. A., Shaheen, H. A. K., Alomari, K. M., & Yousef, M. A. (2020). Impact of talent management on organizational performance: The moderating role of an effective performance management system. International Journal of Business and management, 15(4), 11-24.
Alrowwad, A. A., Abualoush, S. H., & Masa’deh, R. E. (2020). Innovation and intellectual capital as intermediary variables among transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and organizational performance. Journal of Management Development, 39(2), 196–222.
Alsayyed, N. M., Suifan, T. S., Sweis, R. J., & Kilani, B. A. (2020). The impact of transformational leadership on organizational performance: Case study: The University of Jordan. International Journal of Business Excellence, 20(2), 169–190.
Al-Swidi, A. K., Mahmood, H., & Mohammed, R. (2021). The joint impact of green human resource management, leadership and organizational culture on employees’ green behaviour and organisational environmental performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 316, 128112.
Amayreh, D. K. T. (2023). The role of organizational culture on the relationship between knowledge management and employee performance in Jordan. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 13(3).
Amjad, F., Abbas, W., Zia-UR-Rehman, M., Baig, S. A., Hashim, M., Khan, A., & Rehman, H. U. (2021). Effect of green human resource management practices on organizational sustainability: the mediating role of environmental and employee performance. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(22), 28191-28206.
Appelbaum, E. (2000). Manufacturing advantage: Why high-performance work systems pay off. Cornell University Press.
Arulrajah, A. A., & Opatha, H. H. D. N. P. (2016). Analytical and theoretical perspectives on green human resource management: A simplified underpinning.
Atiyah, L. A. R. (2016). The relationship between the diversity of employees and organizational performance. Cross-Cultural Management Journal, 18(02), 151-163.
Awadh, A. M., & Saad, A. M. (2013). Impact of organizational culture on employee performance. International review of management and business research, 2(1), 168-175.
Awamleh, R., & Al-Dmour, H. (2004). The impact of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and self-perceived performance of banking employees: The case of Jordan.
Bashayreh, A. M. (2017). Organizational culture and effect on organizational performance: Study on Jordanian insurance sector. In Organizational culture and behavior: Concepts, methodologies, tools, and applications (pp. 1314–1328). IGI Global.
Basit, A., Sebastian, V., & Hassan, Z. (2017). Impact of leadership style on employee performance (A Case study on a private organization in Malaysia). International Journal of Accounting & Business Management, 5(2), 112-130.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage.
Bazrkar, A., & Moshiripour, A. (2021). Corporate practices of green human resources management. Foresight and STI Governance, 15(1), 97–105.
Bos?Nehles, A., Townsend, K., Cafferkey, K., & Trullen, J. (2023). Examining the Ability, Motivation and Opportunity (AMO) framework in HRM research: Conceptualization, measurement and interactions. International Journal of Management Reviews, 25(4), 725-739.
Boxall, P., & Purcell, J. (2022). Strategy and human resource management. Bloomsbury Publishing
Buil, I., Martínez, E., & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement and proactive personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 64–75.
Butali, P., & Njoroge, D. (2016). Effect of performance appraisal on organizational performance. International Journal of Science and Research, 7(9), 685-690.
Chams, N., & García-Blandón, J. (2019). On the importance of sustainable human resource management for the adoption of sustainable development goals. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, 109-122.
Chaudhary, N., & Sharma, B. (2012). Impact of employee motivation on performance (productivity) in private organization. International Journal of Business Trends and Technology, 2(4), 29-35.
Cheema, S., Pasha, A. T., & Javed, F. (2015). Green human resource practices: Implementations and hurdles of SMEs in Pakistan. Journal of Business Studies, 7(2), 231–241.
Choi, S., & Rainey, H. G. (2010). Managing diversity in US federal agencies: Effects of diversity and diversity management on employee perceptions of organizational performance. Public Administration Review, 70(1), 109-121.
Cilliers, E. J. (2012). Urban green compensation. International Journal of Green Economics, 6(4), 346–356.
Cox, T. (1994). Cultural diversity in organizations: Theory, research, and practice. Berrett-Koehler.
Dakhoul, Z. M. (2018). The determinants of employee performance in Jordanian organizations. Journal of Economics Finance and Accounting, 5(1), 137-143.
De Stefano, F., Bagdadli, S., & Camuffo, A. (2018). The HR role in corporate social responsibility and sustainability: A boundary?shifting literature review. Human Resource Management, 57(2), 549-566.
Demortier, A. L. P., Delobbe, N., & El Akremi, A. (2014). Opening the black box of HR practices–performance relationship: Testing a three pathways AMO model. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014(1), 14932.
Den Hartog, D. N., & Koopman, P. L. (2001). Leadership in organizations. In Handbook of industrial, work & organizational psychology—Volume 2: Organizational psychology (pp. 166–187). SAGE Publications.
DeNisi, A., & Smith, C. E. (2014). Performance appraisal, performance management, and firm-level performance: A review, a proposed model, and new directions for future research. The Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 127–179.
Denison, D. R., & Mishra, A. K. (1995). Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness. Organization Science, 6(2), 204–223.
Dess, G. G., & Robinson, R. B., Jr. (1984). Measuring organizational performance in the absence of objective measures. Strategic Management Journal, 5(3), 265–273.
Devi, J. K. (2018). Influence of Green HRM practices on employees performance level–a study with reference to literature review. IJRAR-International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), 5(3), 329-332.
?or?evi?, B., Ivanovi?-?uki?, M., Lepojevi?, V., & Milanovi?, S. (2020). The impact of employees' commitment on organizational performances. Strategic Management-International Journal of Strategic Management and Decision Support Systems in Strategic Management, 25(3).
Duan, Y., Deng, Z., Liu, H., Yang, M., Liu, M., & Wang, X. (2022). Knowledge diversity and innovation performance in reverse cross-border M&As: The mediating role of managerial ability. International Journal of Production Economics, 247, 108434.
Dulewicz, V., & Higgs, M. (2005). Assessing leadership styles and organisational context. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(2), 105–123.
El Dessouky, N. F., & Alquaiti, H. O. (2020, November). Impact of green human resource management (GHRM) practices on organizational performance. In 2020 Second international sustainability and resilience conference: Technology and innovation in building designs (51154) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
ElSisi, M. S., Refae, M. A., Jibril, M., & Sarg, A. M. (2019). THE ROLE OF GREEN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE EMPLOYEES OF THE EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATIONS. Journal of Environmental Science, 45(3), 337-363.
Ely, R. J., & Thomas, D. A. (2001). Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(2), 229–273.
Farmanesh, P., Vehbi, A., Zargar, P., Sousan, A., & Bhatti, F. (2020). Workplace diversity and organizational performance: The role of diversity fatigue. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 15(1), 14–26.
Fayyazi, M., Shahbazmoradi, S., Afshar, Z., & Shahbazmoradi, M. R. (2015). Barriers of green human resource management implementation in the oil industry. Management Science Letters, 5(1), 101–108.
Galinsky, A. D., Todd, A. R., Homan, A. C., Phillips, K. W., Apfelbaum, E. P., Sasaki, S. J., Richeson, J. A., Olayon, J. B., & Maddux, W. W. (2015). Maximizing the gains and minimizing the pains of diversity: A policy perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(6), 742–748.
Gelagay, D. A., & Werke, S. Z. (2024). Green HRM and internal green supply chain management practices: Effects on operational performance. Business Strategy and Development, 7(2), 1–17.
Gharibeh, M. (2019). The impact dof green human resource management practices on digital transformation. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 8(4), 630–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40710-9_1
Hair, J. F., Jr., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Sage.
Hameed, Z., Khan, I. U., Islam, T., Sheikh, Z., & Naeem, R. M. (2020). Do green HRM practices influence employees’ environmental performance? International Journal of Manpower, 41(7), 1061–1079. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-08-2019-0407
Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. A. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: Updated guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2–20.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences (2nd ed.). Sage.
Hubbard, G. (2009). Measuring organizational performance: Beyond the triple bottom line. Business Strategy and the Environment, 18(3), 177–191.
Ihsani, N., & Wijayanto, A. (2020). The effect of organizational culture, motivation, and job satisfaction on employee performance. Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management, 1(4), 492-502.
International Monetary Fund. (2022). Jordan: Country report no. 22/222. IMF.
Jabbour, C. J. C. (2013). Environmental training in organisations: From a literature review to a framework for future research. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 74, 144–155.
Japir Bataineh, M. A., Ghasemi, M., & Ghadiri Nejad, M. (2023). The role of green training in the ministry of education’s corporate environmental performance: A mediation analysis of organizational citizenship behavior towards the environment and moderation role of perceived organizational support. Sustainability, 15(10), 8398.
Jordan Strategy Forum. (2022). Jordan’s Economic Vision Roadmap. JSF.
Kandah, A. (2017, March 5). Economic growth in Jordan. The Jordan Times.
Kellner, A., Cafferkey, K., & Townsend, K. (2019). Ability, motivation and opportunity theory: A formula for employee performance? In Elgar introduction to theories of human resources and employment relations (pp. 311–323). Edward Elgar.
Kim, W., Kolb, J. A., & Kim, T. (2013). The relationship between work engagement and performance: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Development Review, 12(3), 248–276.
Köllen, T. (2019). Diversity management: A critical review and agenda for the future. Journal of Management Inquiry, 28(4), 399–416.
Kurniawati, N. I. (2022). The influence of employee engagement on organizational performance: a systematic review.
Magatef, S. G., & Momani, R. A. (2016). The impact of internal marketing on employees’ performance in private Jordanian hospitals sector. International Journal of Business and Management, 11(3), 129-148.
Mahfouz, S. A., Awang, Z., Muda, H., & Bahkia, A. S. (2020). Mediating role of employee commitment in the relationship between transformational leadership style and employee performance. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(2), 624–637.
Mahmood, Q. U. A., Ahmed, R., & Philbin, S. P. (2022). Big data analytics as a moderator of the GHRM–performance nexus. International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management, 17(1), 1–13.
Malik, S. Y., Cao, Y., Mughal, Y. H., Kundi, G. M., Mughal, M. H., & Ramayah, T. (2020). Pathways towards sustainability: GHRM practices and green intellectual capital. Sustainability, 12(8), 3228.
Masa’deh, R. E., Obeidat, B. Y., & Tarhini, A. (2016). Transformational/transactional leadership, knowledge sharing, job and firm performance: A Jordanian study. Journal of Management Development, 35(5), 681–705.
Masri, H. A., & Jaaron, A. A. (2017). Assessing green human resources management practices in Palestinian manufacturing context: An empirical study. Journal of cleaner production, 143, 474-489.
Meraj, R., Nasir, S., Shafqat, A., & Indrees, S. (2023). Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and Environmental Performance in Pakistani Hotel Industry: The Role of Green Perceived Organizational Support (POS), Pro-Environmental Behavior and Green Innovative Work Behavior (GIWB). Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(2), 936–952. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1102.0403
Mishra, P. (2017). Green human resource management: A framework for sustainable organizational development in an emerging economy. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25(5), 762-788.
Mohammad, A. M., Menhat, M., Mohd Zaideen, I. M., Izwaan Saadon, M. S., & Hussein, A. A. (2022). Leadership styles on employee performance among supervisors of petroleum retailing sector in Jordan: Employee engagement as a mediator. International Journal of Sustainable Development & Planning, 17(4).
Mousa, S. K., & Othman, M. (2020). The impact of green human resource management practices on sustainable performance in healthcare organisations: A conceptual framework. Journal of cleaner production, 243, 118595.
Muisyo, P. K., Qin, S., Ho, T. H., & Julius, M. M. (2022). The effect of green HRM practices on green competitive advantage of manufacturing firms. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 33(1), 22-40.
Nawafleh, A. H. A. (2020). The impact of green human resource management (GHRM) practices on the competitive advantage of Jordanian educational institutions. Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS), 9(4), 1479–1493.
Obeidat, S. M., Mitchell, R., & Bray, M. (2016). The link between high performance work practices and organizational performance: Empirically validating the conceptualization of HPWP according to the AMO model. Employee Relations, 38(4), 578-595.
Onyekwelu, N. (2019). Effect of organizational culture on employee performance in selected manufacturing firms Anambra State, Nigeria. Journal Name, 11, 1–26.
Orabi, T. G. A. (2016). The impact of transformational leadership style on organizational performance: Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 6(2), 89–102.
Paauwe, J. (2009). HRM and performance: Achievements, methodological issues, and prospects. Journal of Management Studies, 46(1), 129–142.
Paauwe, J., & Boselie, P. (2005). HRM and performance: What next? Human Resource Management Journal, 15(4), 68–83.
Paillé, P., Valéau, P., & Renwick, D. W. S. (2020). Leveraging green HR practices to achieve environmental sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 260, 121137.
Pavlov, A., & Micheli, P. (2022). Rethinking organizational performance management: A complexity perspective. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 42(3), 457–481.
Pham, D. D. T., & Paillé, P. (2019). Green recruitment and selection: An insight into green patterns. International Journal of Manpower, 41(3), 258–272.
Pham, N. T., Hoang, H. T., & Phan, Q. P. T. (2020). Green HRM: A comprehensive review and future research agenda. International Journal of Manpower, 41(7), 845–878.
Pinzone, M., Guerci, M., Lettieri, E., & Huisingh, D. (2019). Effects of ‘green’ training on pro-environmental behaviors and job satisfaction. Journal of Cleaner Production, 226, 221–232.
Rawash & Aloqaily, A. N. (2022). Implementing green HRM in Jordanian government institutions: Evidence from the Ministry of Justice. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 9(11), 113–120.
Rawashdeh, A. (2018). Green HRM and environmental performance in Jordanian health services. Management Science Letters, 8(10), 1049–1058.
Raza, S. A., & Khan, K. A. (2022). Impact of green human resource practices on hotel environmental performance: the moderating effect of environmental knowledge and individual green values. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(6), 2154-2175.
Rehman Khan, S. A., & Yu, Z. (2021). Assessing the eco-environmental performance: an PLS-SEM approach with practice-based view. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 24(3), 303-321.
Ren, S., Tang, G., & E. Jackson, S. (2018). Green human resource management research in emergence: A review and future directions. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 35(3), 769-803.
Renwick, D. W. S., Redman, T., & Maguire, S. (2013). Green human resource management: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(1), 1–14.
RHC (Royal Hashemite Court). (2022). Economic Modernisation Vision. Government of Jordan.
Richard, P. J., Devinney, T. M., Yip, G. S., & Johnson, G. (2009). Measuring organizational performance: Towards methodological best practice. Journal of Management, 35(3), 718–804.
Said, A., & Jaaron, A. A. M. (2021). TQM for enhancing performance: The mediating role of green manufacturing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 308, 127366.
Samola, W. N. E. (2022). The impact of green human resource management on employee performance. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 10(2), 429. https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v10i2.40207
Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (4th ed.). Wiley.
Seibert, S. E., Wang, G., & Courtright, S. H. (2011). Psychological and team empowerment in organizations: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(5), 981–1003.
Shang, J. (2023). Transformational leadership influences employee performance: A review and directions for future research. Highlights in Business, Economics and Management, 10(1), 291-312.
Sharma, P. (2017). Organizational culture as a predictor of job satisfaction: The role of age and gender. Management-Journal of Contemporary Management Issues, 22(1), 35-48.
Shayegan, S., Bazrkar, A., & Yadegari, R. (2023). Realization of Sustainable Organizational Performance Using New Technologies and Green Human Resource Management Practices. Foresight and STI Governance, 17(2), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2023.2.95.105
Singh, S., Darwish, T. K., & Poto?nik, K. (2016). Measuring organizational performance: A case for subjective measures. British Journal of Management, 27(1), 214–224.
Susila, I. G. N. B. D., Netra, I. G. S. K., & Suwandana, I. G. M. (2023). The influence of leadership style and motivation on employee performance in drinking water distributor company. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 8(3), 33-36..
Syarifin, M. H., & Atmaja, H. E. (2023). The influence of organizational commitment, organizational culture and job satisfaction on employee performance: A literature study. Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Business, 2(3), 458-467.
Tahtamouni, A., Mallouh, A. A., & Tawfiq, T. T. (2020). Board diversity and corporate performance: the Jordanian Industrial Corporations case. International Journal of Business Excellence, 21(3), 297-315.
Tandon, A., Dhir, A., Madan, P., Srivastava, S., & Nicolau, J. L. (2023). Green and non-green outcomes of green human resource management (GHRM) in the tourism context. Tourism Management, 98(April), 104765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104765
Thakur, P., Khoo, C., & Pyar, W. Y. K. (2023). Diversity training: A systematic review. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(5), 725–748.
Úbeda-García, M., Marco-Lajara, B., Zaragoza-Sáez, P. C., Manresa-Marhuenda, E., & Poveda-Pareja, E. (2022). Green ambidexterity and environmental performance: The role of green HR. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(1), 32–45.
Veerasamy, U., Joseph, M. S., & Parayitam, S. (2024). Green human resource management and employee green behaviour: participation and involvement, and training and development as moderators. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 11(2), 277-309.
Veliu, L., Manxhari, M., Demiri, V., & Jahaj, L. (2017). The influence of leadership styles on employee’s performance. Journal of Management & Social Sciences Vadyba: Journal of Management, 31(231), 59–69.
Xie, X., Zhu, Q., & Qi, G. (2020). How can green training promote employee career growth? Journal of Cleaner Production, 259, 120818.
Zaid, A. A., Jaaron, A. A. M., & Bon, A. T. (2018). GHRM and GSCM practices and sustainable performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 204, 965–979.
Zain-Ul-Abidin, R., Qammar, R., Nadeem, S., & Farhan, H. (2020). Effect of organization culture on public sector performance: A case of Jordan. International Journal of Academic Management Science Research, 4(5), 1–10.

Kharabsheh, E., Ali, A. J., & Ali, M. H. (2026). The Effect of Green Human Resources Management Practices on Organizational Performance: A Study of the Manufacturing Sector in Jordan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 16(5), 779–797.

Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode