In the late 80’s appeared the competitive advantage’s theory, period during which there were more and more changes in the world economy, which imposed having made use of other theories that explain the flow of goods and services between countries. From these transformations we enumerate: the manifestation of imperfect competition, the existence of economies of scale, intra-industry trade, technical progress, pronounced trends of economic integration etc.
From the time of the first studies to date, the literature has abounded in works that have attempted to define and measure competitive advantage at both the national level and industry or enterprise level. At mid-90’s had been founded various specialized institutes in order to clarify the meaning of the term and to classify the economies depending on their competitiveness.
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