This preliminary study assessed the feasibility of investigating the acute effects of High-Intensity Hybrid Training on squat jump performance in youth football players and identified operational challenges for future research. Ten male youth football players (19.3±0.4 years) completed four identical High-Intensity Hybrid Training sessions over four weeks. Squat jump height was measured before and after training using the My Jump 2.0 application. The protocol induced significant acute fatigue across all sessions (p<0.00), with mean squat jump height decreasing from 42.7±0.9 cm to 27.9±2.3 cm, representing a 34.7±4.3% reduction in performance. Large effect sizes (d>1.3) confirmed substantial physiological demand. Operational challenges identified included scheduling conflicts requiring flexible testing windows, insufficient familiarization for two participants necessitating additional practice trials, environmental variability suggesting the need for standardized indoor facilities, and post-assessment timing issues requiring additional staffing. The findings confirm the feasibility of conducting a full-scale investigation, demonstrate early evidence of significant acute fatigue from High-Intensity Hybrid Training, and provide critical operational insights for protocol refinement. Future studies should incorporate enhanced familiarization, environmental control, increased staffing, and additional neuromuscular measures.
Allen, D. G., Lamb, G. D., & Westerblad, H. (2008). Skeletal muscle fatigue: Cellular mechanisms. Physiological Reviews, 88(1), 287-332.
Altman, D. G. (1991). Practical statistics for medical research. Chapman and Hall.
Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., Moher, D., et al. (2001). The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials: Explanation and elaboration. Annals of Internal Medicine, 134(8), 663-694.
Atkinson, G., & Nevill, A. M. (1998). Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine. Sports Medicine, 26(4), 217-238.
Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Glaister, M., & Lockey, R. A. (2015). The validity and reliability of an iPhone app for measuring vertical jump performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(15), 1574-1579.
Balsom, P. D., Seger, J. Y., Sjodin, B., & Ekblom, B. (1992). Maximal-intensity intermittent exercise: Effect of recovery duration. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 13(7), 528-533.
Bishop, D. J. (2003). Warm up II: Performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up. Sports Medicine, 33(7), 483-498.
Bishop, D. J. (2012). Fatigue during intermittent-sprint exercise. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 39(9), 836-841.
Bobbert, M. F., Gerritsen, K. G. M., Litjens, M. C. A., & Van Soest, A. J. (1996). Why is countermovement jump height greater than squat jump height? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28(11), 1402-1412.
Bompa, T., & Buzzichelli, C. (2019). Periodization: Theory and methodology of training (6th ed.). Human Kinetics.
Bosco, C., Luhtanen, P., & Komi, P. V. (1983). A simple method for measurement of mechanical power in jumping. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 50(2), 273-282.
Buchheit, M. (2012). Should we be recommending repeated sprints to improve repeated-sprint ability? Sports Medicine, 42(2), 169-176.
Buchheit, M., & Laursen, P. B. (2013). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: Cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Medicine, 43(5), 313-338.
Burke, L. M., & Deakin, V. (2015). Clinical sports nutrition (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Chamari, K., Hachana, Y., Kaouech, F., et al. (2005). Endurance training and testing with the ball in young elite soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(1), 24-28.
Chaouachi, A., Manzi, M., Chaalali, A., et al. (2012). Determinants analysis of change-of-direction ability in elite soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(10), 2667-2676.
Clansey, N. P., Hanlon, M. J., Wallace, E. S., & Lake, M. J. (2012). Effects of fatigue on running mechanics associated with tibial stress fracture risk. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44(10), 1917-1923.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159.
Coutts, A. J., Wallace, L. K. M., & Slattery, K. M. (2007). Monitoring changes in performance, physiology, biochemistry, and psychology during overreaching and recovery in triathletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(2), 125-134.
Drust, B., Waterhouse, J., Atkinson, G., Edwards, B., & Reilly, T. (2005). Circadian rhythms in sports performance: An update. Chronobiology International, 22(1), 21-44.
Durlak, J. A. (2009). How to select, calculate, and interpret effect sizes. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34(9), 917-928.
Edwards, A. M., Challis, N. V., Chapman, J. H., Fillingham, D. B., & Manson, R. (2011). The 'informed' mouthful: A new paradigm for informed consent? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(2), 113-117.
Eston, R. G., Rowlands, A. V., & Ingledew, D. K. (1998). Validity of heart rate, pedometry, and accelerometry for predicting the energy cost of children's activities. Journal of Applied Physiology, 84(1), 362-371.
Faigenbaum, A. D., Lloyd, R. S., & Oliver, J. L. (2020). Essentials of youth fitness. Human Kinetics.
Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Fisher, R. A. (1970). Statistical methods for research workers (14th ed.). Hafner Publishing Company.
Fitts, R. H. (2008). The cross-bridge cycle and skeletal muscle fatigue. Journal of Applied Physiology, 104(2), 551-558.
Foster, C., Florhaug, J. A., Franklin, J., et al. (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(1), 109-115.
Gabbett, T. J. (2016). The training-injury prevention paradox: Should athletes be training smarter and harder? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(5), 273-280.
Gandevia, S. C. (2001). Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiological Reviews, 81(4), 1725-1789.
Gathercole, R., Sporer, B., Stellingwerff, T., & Sleivert, G. (2015). Alternative countermovement-jump analysis to quantify acute neuromuscular fatigue. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(1), 84-92.
Halson, S. L. (2014). Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes. Sports Medicine, 44(2), 139-147.
Hopkins, W. G. (2000). Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Medicine, 30(1), 1-15.
Hopkins, W. G., Hawley, J. A., & Burke, L. M. (1999). Design and analysis of research on sport performance enhancement. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(3), 472-485.
Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(1), 3-13.
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005). Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Medicine, 2(8), e124.
Jeffreys, I. (2012). Warm-up and flexibility training. In J. R. Hoffman (Ed.), NSCA's guide to program design (pp. 37-64). Human Kinetics.
Jiménez-Reyes, P., Pareja-Blanco, M., Cuadrado-Peñafiel, F. (2016). Jump height loss as an indicator of fatigue during sprint training. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(11), 1029-1037.
Kirkendall, D. T., & Garrett, W. E. (2018). The anterior cruciate ligament enigma: Injury mechanisms and prevention in soccer. In M. Williams (Ed.), Science and soccer: Developing elite performers (pp. 163-176). Routledge.
Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15(2), 155-163.
Lambert, M. I., & Swanepoel, J. H. (2008). The health of the athlete: From training to recovery. In M. P. Schwellnus (Ed.), The Olympic textbook of medicine in sport (pp. 289-306). Wiley-Blackwell.
Laursen, P. B., & Buchheit, M. (2019). Science and application of high-intensity interval training: Solutions to the programming puzzle. Human Kinetics.
Lloyd, R. S., & Oliver, J. L. (2012). The youth physical development model: A new approach to long-term athletic development. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 34(3), 61-72.
Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., Faigenbaum, A. D., et al. (2015). Long-term athletic development- Part 1: A pathway for all youth. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(5), 1439-1450.
Madarsa, N. I., Abd Malek, N. F., Alali, A. A., Baki, M. H., & Mohamad, N. I. (2023). A case study: Resistance training effect on muscle mass and body fat percentage among youth football players during fasting month. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(3), 634-642.
Madarsa, N. I., Mohamad, N. I., Abd Malek, N. F., & Nadzalan, A. M. (2020). Relationship between sprint time, cardiovascular fitness and sRPE during in-season's training among professional soccer players. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(3), 4895-4904.
Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth, maturation, and physical activity (2nd ed.). Human Kinetics.
Markovic, G., Dizdar, D., Jukic, I., & Cardinale, M. (2004). Reliability and factorial validity of squat and countermovement jump tests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(3), 551-555.
Meeusen, R., Duclos, M., Foster, C. (2013). Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: Joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 45(1), 186-205.
Minett, G. M., & Duffield, R. (2014). Is recovery driven by central or peripheral factors? A role for the brain in recovery following intermittent-sprint exercise. Frontiers in Physiology, 5, 24.
Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2018). High-intensity training in football: Principles, effects, and applications. In M. Williams (Ed.), Science and soccer: Developing elite performers (pp. 217-232). Routledge.
Nascimento, W. F. R., Silva, M. N., Nakamura, F. Y. (2020). Training load and recovery status in soccer players: A systematic review. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(8), 511-522.
National Strength and Conditioning Association. (2018). NSCA's essentials of personal training (3rd ed.). Human Kinetics.
Nieman, D. C. (2000). Exercise immunology: Future directions for research. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 21(S1), S1-S4.
Oliver, J. L., Lloyd, R. S., & Meyers, M. C. (2020). Training elite child athletes: Welfare and well-being. In R. C. J. A. Meeusen (Ed.), Elite youth sport (pp. 135-148). Routledge.
Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2010). CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomized trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
Shapiro, S. S., & Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52(3-4), 591-611.
Sheppard, J. M., & Young, W. B. (2006). Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(9), 919-932.
Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86(2), 420-428.
Silva, M. N., Nascimento, W. F. R., Nakamura, F. Y., et al. (2020). Effects of high-intensity interval training on physical performance in soccer players: A systematic review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(3), 876-891.
Stølen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., & Wisløff, U. (2005). Physiology of soccer: An update. Sports Medicine, 35(6), 501-536.
Twist, C., & Highton, J. (2013). Monitoring fatigue and recovery in rugby league players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 8(5), 467-474.
World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191-2194.
Young, W. B., James, R., & Montgomery, I. (2002). Is muscle power related to running speed with changes of direction? Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 42(3), 282-288.
Nazri, N. A., Shahzuan, M. S. H. M., Yahaya, M., Ismail, F. H., & Madarsa, N. I. (2026). Acute Effects of High-Intensity Hybrid Training on Squat Jump Performance in Youth Football Players: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 16(4), 115-129.
Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode