This study focuses on the interplay between aesthetics and landscape design. Grounded in the philosophical principle of "the unity of heaven and humanity", this study explores the harmonious characteristics of winter gardens in contemporary Chinese landscape architecture through oil painting practice. Adopting an integrated theory–practice framework, oil painting is used to explore the connections between ecological function and aesthetic expression in winter gardens. Garden-related works by Deng Guoyuan, Damien Hirst, and Nicola Moss are examined as case studies to demonstrate different forms of harmonious manifestations in garden spaces. Findings indicate that, through innovative plant configurations and spatial organisation, winter gardens achieve tripartite harmony: philosophical expression of yin-yang balance through botanical and architectural design; ecological synergy between evergreens and litter layers, providing comprehensive ecosystem services; and aesthetic immersion through scroll formats, capturing winter's distinctive tranquilly. This research positions winter gardens as exemplary integrations of traditional wisdom and modern design, perpetuating Chinese garden aesthetics while offering unique approaches to sustainable urban development. Ultimately, it provides valuable references for localised paradigms in ecological aesthetics and landscape design.
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