The opening is necessary, but not sufficient, it helps provide remedial opportunities for developing countries by providing the means for poor countries to get out of underdevelopment, but on the other hand it makes them incur costs and risks. Our study conducted for the case of Tunisia showed that the opening will increase inequality, if it is not accompanied by control policies against disparities. This paper shows that the Atkinson index evolves in the same sense as the unemployment rate and the share of exports in Gross Domestic Product. Whereas, research and development expenditures, investment and human capital negatively act against rising inequality.
Therefore, we will have to question about the nature of the opening that allows developing countries to take advantage of opportunities with minimum costs. So in order to be relevant, the opening must be prudent, diversified, solid and reciprocal.
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