A system of rice intensification (SRI) was conceptualised as a system of formulated principles for producing rice rather than a technical practices of technology. However, with the advancement of technology, numerous studies have focused on the adoption issues of rice intensification technology (RIT) for SRI. Although it is important to questions what motivate, and what inhibit farmers from adopting RIT, there were few studies had actually addressed these questions from the perspective of technology readiness. This article aims to explain how the benefits and barriers in SRI influence the readiness of RIT, prior to its adoption. As a result, a framework was proposed under the domain of technology readiness to explain how the readiness of RIT could be affected by both motivators and inhibitors in SRI. It can be used to characterise and examine the extent to which motivators or inhibitors of RIT existed in the process and influenced the advancement of SRI. This implicates the researchers in SRI would be able to screen and identify technological problems relating to adoption issues of RIT for SRI, and taking relevant actions to contend with the identified problems. This article has promoted SRI as not being anti-technology, which means with the right management of technology, RIT can be used to achieve the principles of SRI for better water management, seedling, and transplanting.
Badgley, C., Moghtader, J., Quintero, E., Zakem, E., Chappell, M. J., Aviles-Vazquez, K., ... & Perfecto, I. (2007). Organic agriculture and the global food supply. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 22(2), 86-108. DOI: 10.1017/S1742170507001640
Barah, B. (2009). Economic and ecological benefits of system of rice intensification (SRI) in Tamil Nadu. Small, 5(9).
Barrett, C. B., & Moser, C. M. (2002). The system of rice intensification in practice: Explaining low farmer adoption and high disadoption in Madagascar. Water-Wise rice production, 8-11. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.328641
Carswell, G. (1997). Agricultural intensification and rural sustainable livelihoods: a ‘think piece’.
Cassman, K. G. (1999). Ecological intensification of cereal production systems: Yield potential, soil quality, and precision agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96(11), 5952-5959. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.11.5952
de Laulanié, H. (2011). Intensive rice farming in Madagascar. Tropicultura, 29(3), 183-187.
Devi, K. S., & Ponnarasi, T. (2009). An economic analysis of modern Rice Intensification Technology and its adoption behaviour in Tamil Nadu. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 22(2009).
Dontsop-Nguezet, P. M., Diagne, A., Okoruwa, V. O., & Ojehomon, V. (2011). Impact of improved rice technology on income and poverty among rice farming household in Nigeria: a Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) approach. In contributed paper prepared for the 25th conference of the Centre for the Studies of African Economies (CSAE). St Catherine College, University of Oxford, UK (pp. 1-31).
Karki, S. (2010). System of Rice Intensification: an analysis of adoption and potential environmental benefits (Master thesis, Norwegian University of Life Sciences).
Katambara, Z., Kahimba, F. C., Mahoo, H. F., Mbungu, W. B., Mhenga, F., Reuben, P., ... & Nyarubamba, A. (2013). Adopting the system of rice intensification (SRI) in Tanzania: A review. Agricultural Sciences, 2013. DOI: 10.4236/as.2013.48053
Khalil, T. M. (2000). Management of technology: the key to competitiveness and wealth creation. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Kumar, R. M., Surekha, K., Padmavathi, C., Rao, L. S., Latha, P. C., Prasad, M. S., ... & Viraktamath, B. C. (2012). Research experiences on system of rice intensification and future directions. Journal of Rice Research, 2(2).
Lampayan, R. M., Bouman, B. A., De Dios, J. L., Lactaoen, A. T., Espiritu, A. J., Norte, T. M., Quilang, E. J. P., ... & Vicmudo, V. R. (2004). Adoption of water saving technologies in rice production in the Philippines. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center.
Matson, P. A., Parton, W. J., Power, A. G., & Swift, M. J. (1997). Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties. Science, 277(5325), 504-509. DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5325.504
Namara, R. E., Weligamage, P., & Barker, R. (2003). Prospects for adopting system of rice intensification in Sri Lanka: A socioeconomic assessment. Research Report 75. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute.
Parasuraman, A., & Colby, C. L. (2015). An updated and streamlined technology readiness index: TRI 2.0. Journal of Service Research, 18(1), 59-74. DOI: 10.1177/1094670514539730
Ragasa, C., Dankyi, A., Acheampong, P., Wiredu, A. N., Chapoto, A., Asamoah, M., & Tripp, R. (2013). Patterns of adoption of improved rice technologies in Ghana. International Food Policy Research Institute Working Paper, 35.
Rao, I. V. Y. (2011). Estimation of efficiency, sustainability and constraints in SRI (System of Rice Intensification) vis-a-vis traditional methods of paddy cultivation in north coastal zone of Andhra Pradesh. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 24(2).
Stoop, W. A., Uphoff, N., & Kassam, A. (2002). A review of agricultural research issues raised by the system of rice intensification (SRI) from Madagascar: opportunities for improving farming systems for resource-poor farmers. Agricultural systems, 71(3), 249-274. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00070-1
Styger, E., Aboubacrine, G., Attaher, M. A., & Uphoff, N. (2011). The system of rice intensification as a sustainable agricultural innovation: introducing, adapting and scaling up a system of rice intensification practices in the Timbuktu region of Mali. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 9(1), 67-75. DOI: 10.3763/ijas.2010.0549
Tiffen, M., Mortimore, M., & Gichuki, F. (1994). More people, less erosion: environmental recovery in Kenya. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Tittonell, P. A. (2013). Farming Systems Ecology. Towards ecological intensification of world agriculture. Inaugural lecture upon taking up the position of Chair in Farming Systems Ecology at Wageningen University on, 16.
Uphoff, N. (2006). The system of rice intensification (SRI) as a methodology for reducing water requirements in irrigated rice production. Paper for International Dialogue on Rice and Water: Exploring Options for Food Security and Sustainable Environments, held at IRRI, Los Baños, Philippines, 241-278.
Uphoff, N. (2008). The system of rice intensification (SRI) as a system of agricultural innovation. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah & Lingkungan, 10(1).
Vijayakumar, M., Ramesh, S., Chandrasekaran, B., & Thiyagarajan, T. M. (2006). Effect of system of rice intensification (SRI) practices on yield attributes, yield and water productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 2(6), 236-242.
von Braun, J., Puetz, D., & Webb, P. (1989). Irrigation technology and commercialization of rice in the Gambia, effects on income and nutrition. Intl Food Policy Res Inst., 75.
Zaidi, M. F. A., Othman, S. N., & Abu, N. H. (2016). Technology Readiness for the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(1), 125-134.
Copyright: © 2016 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
