The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that may influence knowledge sharing behavior when using social media platforms among university students. With today’s advancement in learning environments, students frequently depend on social media and online interactions to share their knowledge. Thus, not all students are willing to share their knowledge through social media. Therefore, this study focuses on the variables of information self-efficacy, prosocial behavior, and sharing enjoyment that influence knowledge sharing behavior among students. In this study, a quantitative analysis was conducted with survey data collected from university students. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The measurement model demonstrated high reliability and validity, with Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values above 0.6 and Cronbach’s alpha exceeding 0.8 for all constructs. The structural model results revealed that information self-efficacy (? = 0.331, p < 0.001), prosocial behaviour (? = 0.312, p < 0.001), and sharing enjoyment (? = 0.160, p = 0.034) all have a positive and significant relationship with knowledge sharing behaviour. The findings revealed that most students feel confident in using information and are willing to share and engage their knowledge with others. This study supports previous research that highlights the importance of self-efficacy and enjoyment in fostering online learning.
Abdul Aziz, N., Ahmad, R., & Rahman, S. (2024). Enjoyment in helping, sense of belonging, and trust as predictors of postgraduate students’ knowledge sharing on social media. GA Excellence Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 12(1), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEPC.748005
Abdul Aziz, R., Sainal, N., Teo, Y. P., Ahmad, M. F., Alias, S. M., & Abd Wahid, A. (2022). Examining factors affecting knowledge sharing behaviour on social media of postgraduate students in Malaysia. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counselling, 7(48), 52–72. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.748005
Abdullah, N. A., & Abdul Rahman, S. (2021). Academic library online services during the COVID-19 pandemic: The experience of Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. Journal of Academic Library Management, 1(1), 65–74.
Alhabash, S., & Ma, M. (2017). A tale of four platforms: Motivations and uses of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat among college students. Social Media Society, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117691544
Alsarayreh, M., & Aljaafreh, A. (2023). Factors influencing students’ academic performance in universities: Mediated by knowledge sharing behavior. Knowledge Management & E-Learning: An International Journal, 15(4), 643–671.
https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2023.15.036
Alshahrani, H., & Pennington, D. (2021). “Maybe we can work together”: Researchers’ outcome expectations for sharing knowledge on social media. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 71(8–9), 655–673. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-07-2020-0093
Asterhan, C. S. C., & Bouton, E. (2017). Teenage peer-to-peer knowledge sharing through social network sites in secondary schools. Computers & Education, 110, 16–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.03.007
Budiyono, H., Hamidah, & Tunas, B. (2024). Knowledge sharing behavior shaped by organizational climate, social network, perception, and achievement motivation. International Journal of Research and Review, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240218
Cai, Y., Li, X., & Shi, J. (2024). Intrinsic motivations and sustained participation in online Q&A communities: Evidence from Zhihu. Online Information Review, 48(2), 367–386. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-06-2022-0341
Fokko, J. D. (2022). Regulating knowledge in an entangled world (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429279928-1
Getenet, S., Cantle, R., Redmond, P., & Albion, P. (2024). Students’ digital technology attitude, literacy and self-efficacy and their effect on online learning engagement. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00407-7
Hamzah, N., Ismail, F., & Yusof, H. (2023). Sharing enjoyment and positive social outcome expectancy as determinants of knowledge sharing among higher education students in Terengganu. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(4), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i9/26476
Hamzah, S. F. M., Sulong@A. Rashid, R., Mat Salleh, S., Ali, N. M., Mohamed Nor, R., Mohd Noor, H., & Mohammed, N. H. (2024). Exploring the relationship between information self-efficacy and knowledge sharing behaviour on social media among higher education students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i10/22883
Han, J., Kelley, T., & Knowles, J. G. (2021). Factors influencing student STEM learning: Self-efficacy and outcome expectancy, 21st-century skills, and career awareness. Journal for STEM Education Research, 4, 117–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41979-021-00053-3
Hosen, M., Ogbeibu, S., Giridharan, B., Cham, T.-H., Lim, W. M., & Paul, J. (2021). Individual motivation and social media influence on student knowledge sharing and learning performance: Evidence from an emerging economy. Computers & Education, 172, 104262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104262
Kim, H., Lee, J., & Oh, S. E. (2019). Individual characteristics influencing the sharing of knowledge on social networking services: Online identity, self-efficacy, and knowledge sharing intentions. Behaviour & Information Technology, 38(11), 1165–1178. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1598494
Lin, M. P., Wu, J. Y. W., Chen, C. J., & You, J. (2018). Positive outcome expectancy mediates the relationship between social influence and internet addiction among senior high-school students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(2), 292–300.
https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.56
Liu, Y., Kalk, D., Kinney, J., & Orr, G. (2017). Student interaction experiences in a distributed social media environment and their impact on learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 24–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.019
Marwa, A., & Ali, A. (2023). Factors influencing students’ academic performance in universities: Mediated by knowledge sharing behavior. Knowledge Management & E-Learning: An International Journal, 15(4), 643–671.
https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2023.15.036
Mohammed, F., Ibrahim, A., & Yunus, N. (2021). Exploring the relationship of social media usage and multitasking of social media on self-efficacy and academic performance. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(7), 1–11. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/16657/
Mustika, H., Eliyana, A., Agustina, T. S., & Anwar, A. (2022). Testing the determining factors of knowledge sharing behavior. SAGE Open, 12(1), 215824402210780.
https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221078012
Njiraine, D. (2019). Enabling knowledge sharing practices for academic and research in higher education institutions. Information and Knowledge Management, 9(3), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.7176/IKM/9-3-09
Nursyirwan, V. I., Purwana, D., Suhud, U., Harahap, I. L. P., & Hasan, D. (2023). Knowledge self-efficacy, rewards, and knowledge sharing behavior in Indonesia. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(12), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i12.3042
Obrenovic, B., Du, J., & Godinic, D. (2020). The enjoyment of knowledge sharing: Impact of altruism on tacit knowledge-sharing behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1496. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01496
Oliveira, L., & Cardoso, E. L. (2022). Psychometric properties of a scale to assess knowledge sharing in a community of practice. Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE Conference on Information Technology and Systems (CISTI).
https://doi.org/10.23919/cisti54924.2022.9820362
Ponera, J. M. (2023). Information sharing through social media platforms among higher learning institutions in Tanzania. East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 4(3), 58–62. https://doi.org/10.46606/eajess2023v04i03.0277
Prabowo, T. T., Sitthiworachart, J., & Lo, C. K. (2024). Demographic analysis of information literacy self-efficacy among library and information science students in Indonesia. Library & Information Science Research, 46, 101281.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2024.101281
Safdar, M., Batool, S. H., & Mahmood, K. (2021). Relationship between self-efficacy and knowledge sharing: Systematic review. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 70(3), 254–271. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-11-2019-0139
Saleh, M., & Samsudin, S. (2021). The role of self-efficacy, trust, and technology usefulness in knowledge sharing behavior among students. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 10(3), 210–222.
https://doi.org/10.24191/aclim.v1i1.1
Salleh, S., Yusof, H. S., Mohammed, N. H., Mohd Zahari, A. S., & Hamzah, S. F. M. (2020). Knowledge sharing in online community: A review. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1529(2), 022052. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1529/2/022052
Shodiq, M., Rahmawati, F., & Widyastuti, D. A. (2021). Social media use and online prosocial behaviour among high school students: The role of moral identity, empathy, and social self-efficacy. Integration of Education, 25(3), 323–340.
https://journals.rcsi.science/1991-9468/article/view/258926
Sivakumar, A., Jayasingh, S., & Shaik, S. (2023). Social media influence on students’ knowledge sharing and learning: An empirical study. Education Sciences, 13(7), 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070745
Teh, P. L., Chong, C. W., Yong, C. C., & Yew, S. Y. (2010). Internet self-efficacy, computer self-efficacy, and cultural factors on knowledge sharing behaviour. African Journal of Business Management, 4(18), 4086–4095.
https://academicjournals.org/article/article1380551831_Teh%20et%20al.pdf
Zulkarnain, N., Abdul Rahman, S., & Yusoff, M. S. A. (2021). Digital competency among students: A case study at UiTM Kelantan Branch. Journal of Academic Library Management, 1(1), 55–64.
Salleh, S. M., Hamzah, S. F. M., Ali, N. M., Rahman, W. Z. W. A., Harahap, A. Z. M. K., Nor, R. M., & Noor, H. M. (2025). Understanding Knowledge Sharing Behavior through Self-Efficacy and Social Motivation Factors. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(10), 1452-1461.
Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
