International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

Zen Aesthetics and Guest Experience: Exploring the Environmental and Experiential Impacts of Zen-Inspired Design in Modern Leisure Resorts

Open access
This study explores the influence of Zen aesthetics on the environmental design and guest experiences within modern leisure resorts. Rooted in the principles of simplicity, harmony, and mindfulness, Zen design offers a unique framework for enhancing guest satisfaction, emotional well-being, and connection with nature. However, the increasing commercialization of Zen aesthetics poses challenges in maintaining authenticity and philosophical integrity. Through an exploratory qualitative approach, this research investigates how Zen-inspired elements—such as natural materials, minimalist spatial design, and integrated nature components—are applied in resort environments and how they affect guest perceptions and experiences. A purposive sample of 20 participants, including resort managers and guests, was selected to provide insights through semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis revealed five major research themes: the identification of key Zen design components, their role in attracting guests, their contribution to guest tranquility, their ability to foster human-nature connection, and the impact of Zen-inspired activities on guest engagement and well-being. Results indicate that Zen design successfully promotes calmness and introspection through elements such as open spaces, earthy tones, and meditative zones. Zen-related cultural practices—like tea ceremonies, calligraphy, and yoga—were found to enrich guest experiences and encourage cultural appreciation. Despite the positive impacts, the study highlights the need for balance between modern luxury amenities and traditional Zen values. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of integrating sustainable practices aligned with Zen philosophy. This study contributes to both academic literature and industry application by offering a conceptual framework that links Zen aesthetics to environmental psychology, design theory, and hospitality experience. Recommendations include designing with ecological awareness, preserving cultural authenticity, and curating immersive experiences rooted in Zen philosophy. Ultimately, Zen-inspired design emerges as a transformative approach for redefining the standards of sustainable and mindful tourism in the contemporary hospitality industry.
Abraham, R., Basole, A., & Kesar, S. (2022). Down and out? The gendered impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on India’s labour market. Economia Politica, 1-28. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40888-021-00234-8
Al-Hanawi, M. K., Angawi, K., Alshareef, N., Qattan, A. M., Helmy, H. Z., Abudawood, Y., ... & Alsharqi, O. (2020). Knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 among the public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in public health, 8, 217. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217/full
Amin, M. E. K., Nørgaard, L. S., Cavaco, A. M., Witry, M. J., Hillman, L., Cernasev, A., & Desselle, S. P. (2020). Establishing trustworthiness and authenticity in qualitative pharmacy research. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 16(10), 1472-1482. https://www.academia.edu/download/63350466/1-s2.0-S1551741119309155-main20200518-71810-11ov8k5.pdf
Baak, M., Koopman, R., Snoek, H., & Klous, S. (2020). A new correlation coefficient between categorical, ordinal and interval variables with Pearson characteristics. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 152, 107043. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.11440
Brandt, P., & Timmermans, S. (2021). Abductive logic of inquiry for quantitative research in the digital age. Sociological Science, 8, 191-210. https://sociologicalscience.com/download/vol-8/june/SocSci_v8_191to210.pdf
Braun, V., Clarke, V., Boulton, E., Davey, L., & McEvoy, C. (2021). The online survey as a qualitative research tool. International journal of social research methodology, 24(6), 641-654. https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/index.php/preview/6634609/The%20Online%20Survey%20as%20a%20Qualitative%20Research%20Tool%20UWE%20Repository%20Version%20%281%29.pdf
Brown, H., Lee, K., Mireshghallah, F., Shokri, R., & Tramèr, F. (2022, June). What does it mean for a language model to preserve privacy?. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (pp. 2280-2292). https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3531146.3534642
Carter, S. M., Shih, P., Williams, J., Degeling, C., & Mooney-Somers, J. (2021). Conducting qualitative research online: challenges and solutions. The Patient-Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, 14(6), 711-718. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40271-021-00528-w
Carvache-Franco, M., Alvarez-Risco, A., Carvache-Franco, O., Carvache-Franco, W., Estrada-Merino, A., & Villalobos-Alvarez, D. (2022). Perceived value and its influence on satisfaction and loyalty in a coastal city: a study from Lima, Peru. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 14(2), 115-130. https://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/20.500.12724/12641/abstract_references.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Casula, M., Rangarajan, N., & Shields, P. (2021). The potential of working hypotheses for deductive exploratory research. Quality & Quantity, 55(5), 1703-1725. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11135-020-01072-9
Chen, F. (2021). Research on Design Strategies and Methods of Rural Hotels with Regional Characteristics (Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawai'i at Manoa). https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstreams/87c2c63e-c382-4921-9255-03301c2d52dd/download
Colom, A. (2022). Using WhatsApp for focus group discussions: Ecological validity, inclusion and deliberation. Qualitative Research, 22(3), 452-467. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1468794120986074
Danese, A., & Widom, C. S. (2020). Objective and subjective experiences of child maltreatment and their relationships with psychopathology. Nature human behaviour, 4(8), 811-818. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/127518434/Objective_and_subjective_experiences_DANESE_Accepted6Apr2020_GREEN_AAM.pdf
Dawadi, S., Shrestha, S., & Giri, R. A. (2021). Mixed-methods research: A discussion on its types, challenges, and criticisms. Journal of Practical Studies in Education, 2(2), 25-36. https://oro.open.ac.uk/75449/1/Dawadi%2C%20Shreshta%20and%20Giri%202021.pdf
Dawadi, S., Shrestha, S., & Giri, R. A. (2021). Mixed-methods research: A discussion on its types, challenges, and criticisms. Journal of Practical Studies in Education, 2(2), 25-36. https://oro.open.ac.uk/75449/1/Dawadi%2C%20Shreshta%20and%20Giri%202021.pdf
Liu, Q., Browne, A. L., & Iossifova, D. (2022). Creating water demand: bathing practice performances in a Chinese hot spring tourist town. Journal of Sustainable
Mayoh-Bauche, J. D. (2021). Pandemic Trauma Dreams. The Currere Exchange Journal, 5(1), 36- 44.https://cej.lib.miamioh.edu/index.php/CEJ/article/download/131/79
Misra, S., & Goyal, A. K. (2022). A Study on the Trend of Gardens Present in the Hotels in Delhi: A Qualitative Study.https://amity.edu/UserFiles/admaa/ec091AJAB%209-20%20(1).pdf
Morley, S. (2020). The ‘Zen’in the western monochrome. Journal of Contemporary Painting, 6(1-2), 55- 78.https://www.academia.edu/download/94208896/JCP_6_1_art_Morley.pdf
Morley, S. (2021). Haptic Perception and the Non-Western Monochrome. Third Text, 35(5), 624-642.https://www.academia.edu/download/103401380/Third_Text_Haptic_Percept ion_.pdf
Nanu, L., Ali, F., Berezina, K., & Cobanoglu, C. (2020). The effect of hotel lobby design on booking intentions: An intergenerational examination. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 89, 102530. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278431920300827
Navarro-Remesal, V., Mora-Cantallops, M., & Hino, Y. (2021). The Dream of MSX Cinema: An Interview with Ikko Ohno, Creator of The Flying Luna Clipper. ROMchip, 3(2).https://www.romchip.org/index.php/romchip journal/article/view/127
Nishihira, T., & Rappleye, J. (2022). Unlearning as (Japanese) learning. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 54(9), 1332- 1344.https://www.academia.edu/download/66508535/Nishihira.Rappleye.2021.U nlearning_as_Japanese_learning.pdf
Panizza, S. C. (2023). Perception, Self, and Zen: On Iris Murdoch and the Taming of Simone Weil. https://philarchive.org/archive/CAPPSA-2
Perks, M. R. (2020). The skylark’s song: Tibetan literary and religious themes in Chögyam Trungpa’s English Poetry. https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/d217qv347
Qian, J. (2019). Redeeming the Chinese modernity? Zen Buddhism, culture-led development and local governance in Xinxing County, China. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 51(1), 187-205. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0308518X16687555
Qian, J. (2019). Redeeming the Chinese modernity? Zen Buddhism, culture-led development and local governance in Xinxing County, China. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 51(1), 187- 205.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0308518X16687555
Qian, J. (2019). Redeeming the Chinese modernity? Zen Buddhism, culture-led development and local governance in Xinxing County, China. Environment and
Planning A: Economy and Space, 51(1), 187- 205.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0308518X16687555
Sakamoto, T., & Bao, M. (2020). Design Method of Zen-Style Bracket Sets Recorded in the Japanese Carpentry Manual Kamakura Zoei Myomoku (Part 1): A Comparative Study with the Chinese Manual Yingzao Fashi–A Secondary Publication. Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism, 2(1), 259. https://api journal.accscience.com/uploads/file/asp/20221206114129c50ef9562.pdf
Savanchiyeva, A., Atasoy, E., Berdenov, Z., Mambetaliyev, K., Muzdybayeva, K., & Khamitova, D. (2023). TOURIST RESOURCES AND TOURIST POTENTIAL OF MINDORO ISLAND IN THE PHILIPPINES. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 48(2spl).https://avesis.uludag.edu.tr/yayin/124bb3e0-6495-4c37-8980- abb74ec455ff/tourist-resources-and-tourist-potential-of-mindoro-island-in-the philippines/document.pdf
Shi, D. O. N. G. (2022). An exploration of the influence of Zen-inspired poetic nature painting on contemporary abstraction (Doctoral dissertation, RMIT University). https://researchrepository.rmit.edu.au/view/pdfCoverPage?instCode=61RMIT_IN ST&filePid=13305960690001341&download=true
Spence, C. (2022). Sensehacking the guest’s multisensory hotel experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1014818.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1014818/full
Tsai, W. H., Li, G., & Song, W. (2023). Agent politics of Chinese think tanks and cultural industry governance in China’s “new era”. Critical Asian Studies, 55(1), 20- 39.https://repository.um.edu.mo/bitstream/10692/117381/1/agent%20politcs%20 of%20Chinese%20think%20tanks.pdf
Wang, S., & Bi, D. Marginal Diminishing Effects in Intangible Cultural Heritage Experience—Case Study on Guangzhou Qixi Natural Resort. Academic Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 6(7), 104-113.https://francis-press.com/uploads/papers/lsCwovd10pkJMMpAcuNf9h1WYo90arTGdUo5UNuw. pdf
Wang, Y., & Xiao, Y. (2023). Chinese Chan Buddhism and the Agrarian Aesthetic in the Garden. Religions, 14(5), 681.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/14/5/681
Wilson, J. (2022). Pennies from the Pure Land: Practicing the Dharma, Hanging Out, and Raising Funds for the Oldest Buddhist Temple Outside Asia. Journal of Global Buddhism, 23(1), 63-78. https://www.globalbuddhism.org/article/download/2002/2808
Winters, D. A. (2021). Landscape and divinity spoken in the same breath. Religions, 13(1), 27. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/13/1/27
Wu, X. (2022, December). Research on the Development Status of Hot Spring Tourism Resorts in Northern Guangdong Mountainous Areas from the Perspective of Data Footprint. In 2022 3rd International Conference on Big Data and Social Sciences (ICBDSS 2022) (pp. 167-174). Atlantis Press.https://www.atlantis press.com/article/125980782.pdf
Wu, X. (2022, December). Research on the Development Status of Hot Spring Tourism Resorts in Northern Guangdong Mountainous Areas from the Perspective of Data Footprint. In 2022 3rd International Conference on Big Data and Social Sciences (ICBDSS 2022) (pp. 167-174). Atlantis Press. https://www.atlantis press.com/article/125980782.pdf
Wu, X. (2023, February). Research on the Development Status of Wechat Official Account of Hot Spring Tourism Resorts in Northern Guangdong Mountainous Area. In 2022 4th International Conference on Literature, Art and Human Development (ICLAHD 2022) (pp. 638-646). Atlantis Press.https://www.atlantis press.com/article/125984402.pdf
Xiaoyi, H. (2007). The Influence of Zen Culture on Chinese Art Design/INFLUENCE DE LA CULTURE ZEN SUR LE DESIGN ARTISTIQUE CHINOIS. Canadian Social Science, 3(2), 92. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/236296382.pdf
Xu, J., Li, M., Huang, D., Wei, Y., & Zhong, S. (2022). A comparative study on the influence of different decoration styles on subjective evaluation of hotel indoor environment. Buildings, 12(11), 1777. https://www.mdpi.com/2075- 5309/12/11/1777/pdf kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAtMwggLPBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggLA MIICvAIBADCCArUG
Szeto, K. Y. (2021). Lin Hwai-min’s Water Stains on the Wall: A Cosmopolitical Perspective. Critical Stages/Scènes Critiques, 23.https://www.critical stages.org/23/lin-hwai-mins-water-stains-on-the-wall-a-cosmopolitical perspective/
Wilson, S. (2022). Buddhist Poetics, Beat" Cosmo-Politics," and the Maker Ethos: Asian Americanist Critiques of Whiteness in Midcentury American Beat Writing. The University of Oklahoma.https://shareok.org/bitstream/handle/11244/335272/2022_Wilson_Sar a_Dissertation.pdf?sequence=2
Yang, X., Li, F., Ning, H., Zhang, W., Niu, D., Shi, Z., ... & Shan, A. (2022). Screening of pig-derived zearalenone-degrading bacteria through the zearalenone challenge model, and their degradation characteristics. Toxins, 14(3), 224.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/3/224
Zeng, S. (2021). Why does Lee say what he says the way he says it? A socio-cognitive approach to understanding the Chinese character in East of Eden. Pragmatics and Society, 12(1), 132-145. https://www.jbe platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/ps.19071.zen
Buddhazen-hotel.com. (2023). How far is the hotel from Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport?. Buddha Zen Hotel Chengdu - Official Website, Online booking discount. http://www.buddhazen-hotel.com/en/
Hotel-yangshuo.com. (2023). Yangshuo Zen garden resort. YANGSHUO ZEN GARDEN RESORT | ????? | CHINA | SEASON DEALS FROM $105. https://yangshuo-zen-garden-resort.hotel-yangshuo.com/en/
Zenhotspring.com. (2023). Zen Springs Resort. https://www.zenhotspring.com/en/
Zhangyi, S. N., & Kongjit, C. (2022). KNOWLEDGE CO-CREATION IN MEDITATION SERVICE DEVELOPMENT AMONG CHINESE MEDITATION LOVERS FOR THAILAND WELLNESS RESORT BASED ON DESIGN THINKING PROCESS. Integrating Values of Humanities and Social Sciences for Sustainable Future, 570. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Iylia-Mohamad/publication/368652349_Pandangan_Ibu_Bapa_Dalam_Pemberian_Vaksin_PICKid_Pandangan_Dari_Sudut_Islam_Sebagai_Ikhtiar/links/63f2d6af2958d64a5ce35a68/Pandangan-Ibu-Bapa-Dalam-Pemberian-Vaksin-PICKid-Pandangan-Dari-Sudut-Islam-Sebagai-Ikhtiar.pdf#page=585
Zhang, H. (2022). Analysis of the Overall Development Mode of Cultural Tourism under the Creative Economy Environment. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2022. https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jeph/2022/3498622.pdf
Feng, W. P., & Nasir, N. B. M. (2025). Zen Aesthetics and Guest Experience: Exploring the Environmental and Experiential Impacts of Zen-Inspired Design in Modern Leisure Resorts. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(10), 1051–1062.