This study aimed to explore the impact of open innovation, with its dimensions (inbound innovation, outbound innovation, and hybrid innovation), on supply chain flexibility, including supply flexibility, operational flexibility, distribution flexibility, and delivery flexibility. The applied aspect of the study was conducted at Cementra Company in Jordan. The researchers adopted a descriptive quantitative approach to achieve the study objectives. The study used a comprehensive survey of the company's employees via an electronic questionnaire, from which 104 valid questionnaires were returned and subjected to statistical analysis. The descriptive aspect of the study concluded that there are high level of open innovation implementation and high level of supply chain flexibility within the company. There is a significant impact of open innovation on supply chain flexibility, and open innovation significantly affects each dimension of supply chain flexibility. The study recommended continuing to focus on balanced reliance on both inbound and outbound innovation activities, by encouraging employees to present creative ideas and develop them into innovative products and processes, as well as seeking innovative ideas externally. It also recommended enhancing activities that support distribution flexibility by identifying new distribution points to meet the increase in unexpected customer demand.
Aloun, M., & Al-Sabti, W. (2019). Advantages and obstacles of implementing open innovation in business organizations. Journal of International Economics and Globalization, 2(2), 145-163.
Al-Rawashdeh, Y., & Al-Shoura, A. (2023). The impact of risk management on supply chain flexibility: The moderating role of empowerment in Arab Potas Company. Al-Mithqal for Economic, Administrative, and Information Technology Sciences, 9(1), 171-211.
Amayreh, K. T., & ALArabiat, Y. A. (2025). Enhancing supply chain pharmaceutical management in Jordan: The role of digital transformation. Hunan Daxue Xuebao/ Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 62(4), 1-16
Aslam, H., Khan, A. Q., Rashid, K., & Rehman, S. U. (2020). Achieving supply chain resilience: The role of supply chain ambidexterity and supply chain agility. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 31(6), 1185-1204. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-07-2019-0263
Bor, J., & Muthoni, G. B. (2025). Supply chain flexibility and firm performance: Does absorptive capacity matter? Empirical evidence from manufacturing firms in Kenya. Journal of Business, Economics and Management Research Studies, 3(1), 148-177.
Calvo, J., Olmo, J. L. D., & Berlanga, V. (2020). Supply chain resilience and agility: A theoretical literature review. International Journal of Supply Chain and Operations Resilience, 4(1), 37-69. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijscor.2020.105950
Chesbrough, H., & Bogers, M. (2014). Explicating open innovation: Clarifying an emerging paradigm for understanding innovation. In H. Chesbrough, W. Vanhaverbeke, & J. West (Eds.), New Frontiers in Open Innovation (pp. 3–28). Oxford University Press.
Chiu, M. L., & Lin, C. N. (2022). Developing supply chain open innovation capability: The mediating role of the knowledge creation process, governance mechanism and technology as a driver. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(4), 100264.
Feizabadi, J., Gligor, D. M., & Alibakhshi, S. (2021). Examining the synergistic effect of supply chain agility, adaptability and alignment: A complementarity perspective. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 26(4), 514-531. https://doi.org/10.1108/scm-08-2020-0424
Iskeef, A. H., Abu Qahf, A. S. M., Sultan, A. F., & Labib, A. A. (2024). The impact of supply chain flexibility on operational performance (Applied to Food Manufacturing Companies in Alexandria). Alexandria University Journal of Management Sciences, 61(4), 89-117.
Jafari, H., Ghaderi, H., Malik, M., & Bernardes, E. (2023). The effects of supply chain flexibility on customer responsiveness: The moderating role of innovation orientation. Production Planning & Control, 34(16), 1543-1561.
Khairat, G. M., Elsherbiny, M. Z., Mandour, D. F., & Labib, S. G. (2025). The impact of open innovation on organizational performance in Tourism Companies. Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City, 9(1/1), 164-183.
Mohammed, R., Shamaa, R., & Saleh, M. (2021). The impact of open innovation on organizational performance (Environmental changes: Moderating variables). Scientific Journal of Business and Environmental Studies, 12(4), 262-296.
Peng, C., & Ding, Y. (2023). The impact of open innovation on small and medium enterprises growth performance in dynamic environment. In 2023 8th International Conference on Modern Management and Education Technology (MMET 2023) (pp. 141-155). Atlantis Press.
Rashid, A., Rasheed, R., Rahi, S., & Amirah, N. A. (2025). Impact of supplier trust and integrated technology on supply chain resilience for sustainable supply chain in FMCG Sector. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-04-2024-0134
Sarkis, J., Kouhizadeh, M., & Zhu, Q. S. (2021). Digitalization and the greening of supply chains. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 121(1), 65-85. https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-08-2020-0450
Sayed, A., & Abd Rabbo, M. (2024). Open innovation as an approach to improving the competitive advantage of Egyptian State-owned Commercial Banks (An applied study). Journal of Administrative Research, 42(3), 1-45.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Shukor, A. A. A., Newaz, M. S., Rahman, M. K., & Taha, A. Z. (2021). Supply chain integration and its impact on supply chain agility and organizational flexibility in manufacturing firms. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 16(8), 1721-1744. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-04-2020-0418
Song, M., & Kim, B. (2024). An analysis of critical factors affecting the success of open innovation strategies in high-tech firms: The case of South Korea. Administrative Sciences, 14(11), 274.
Tiwari, A. K., Tiwari, A., & Samuel, C. (2015). Supply chain flexibility: A comprehensive review. Management Research Review, 38(7), 767-792.
Trabucchi, D., Buganza, T., Dell'Era, C., & Pellizzoni, E. (2018). Exploring the inbound and outbound strategies enabled by user generated big data: Evidence from leading smartphone applications. Creativity and Innovation Management, 27(1), 42-55.
Usman, M., Khan, M. I., & Khattak, A. N. (2024). The impact of open innovation (OI) on competitive advantage (CA) in presence of knowledge coupling (KC): An empirical study on small and medium enterprises (SMEs), district of Gujranwala, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3212-3220.
Yoon, S., & Jeong, S. (2017). Effects to implement the open-innovation coordinative strategies between manufacturer and retailer in reverse supply chain. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 3(1), 1-13.
Yu, K., Cadeaux, J., & Song, H. (2013). Distribution channel network and relational performance: The intervening mechanism of adaptive distribution flexibility. Decision Sciences, 44(5), 915-950.
Yulianto, E., & Supriono. (2023). Effect of open innovation on firm performance through type of innovation: Evidence from SMES in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. Cogent Business & Management, 10(3), 2262671. DOI: 10.1080/23311975.2023.2262671
Al-Arda, F. M., & Alkshali, S. J. (2025). Linking Open Innovation to Supply Chain Flexibility. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(10), 200–210.
Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
