This study aims to analyze the content validity of the measurement instrument used to measure the competence of elementary school teachers in developing student character by utilizing the Aiken method. Currently there is no valid instrument to measure it. The instrument studied covers four main dimensions: Learning Process, Extracurricular, School Culture, Community. The instrument is a test instrument consisting of 12 multiple-choice test items and a situational judgment test with 33 items. Content validity was evaluated by twenty assessors who are highly experienced in their respective disciplines. After conducting a quantitative study of the Aiken V value, it was determined that all instrument items for implementing formative assessment were considered valid. Qualitative analysis was conducted with eight experts who provided some simple revisions to certain items. Overall, the instrument used to measure the competence of elementary school teachers in developing student character was considered valid through content validity analysis that relied on the Aiken method.
Almanasreh, E., Moles, R., & Chen, T. F. (2019). Evaluation of methods used for estimating content validity. In Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy (Vol. 15, Issue 2, pp. 214–221). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.03.066
Aningsih, Zulela, M. S., Neolaka, A., Iasha, V., & Setiawan, B. (2022). How is the Character Education Implemented? The Case Study in Indonesian Elementary School. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 12(1), 371–380. https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2022-0029
Budiyono, H., & Pudjaningsih, W. (2023). Learning to Write Explanatory and Narrative Texts in the Development of Student Character Values and its Implementation at Tt-Jbi High School. In Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology (Vol. 44, Issue 4).
Clement, S., & Bollinger, R. (2017). Accelerating Progress: A New Era of Research on Character Development. In Journal of Youth and Adolescence (Vol. 46, Issue 6, pp. 1240–1245). Springer New York LLC. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0681-9
Griffis, R. B. (2017). Self-knowledge and character formation: Teaching to students' weaknesses. International Journal of Christianity and Education, 21(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056997116671329
Halonen, J. S., Nolan, S. A., Frantz, S., Hoss, R. A., McCarthy, M. A., Pusateri, T., & Wickes, K. (2020). The Challenge of Assessing Character: Measuring APA Goal 3 Student Learning Outcomes. Teaching of Psychology, 47(4), 285–295. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628320945119
Indriani, F., & Asfia, W. (2023). Building the Independent Character of Elementary School Students. International Journal of Learning Reformation in Elementary Education, 2(01), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.56741/ijlree.v2i01.74
Jeynes, William H. (2017). A Meta-Analysis on the Relationship Between Character Education and Student Achievement and Behavioral Outcomes. Education and Urban Society, 51(1), 33–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124517747681
Malin, H., Liauw, I., & Damon, W. (2017). Purpose and Character Development in Early Adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(6), 1200–1215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0642-3
Melek, D., Özmat, D., & Imgehan, O. (2016). Primary school teachers perceptions about character education. Educational Research and Reviews, 11, 1622–1633. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2016.2729
Murwaningsih, T., Khanifatul Fitriyah, L., & Winarni, R. (2022). Character Building for Elementary School Students Through Children's Literature. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i14.12010
Muzakkir, Zaharah, H., & and Razak, RA (2024). Teachers' beliefs towards character education curriculum in primary school: a systematic literature review. Education 3-13, 52(8), 1178–1192. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2022.2142478
Nurjanah, S., Istiyono, E., Widihastuti, W., Iqbal, M., & Kamal, S. (2023). The Application of Aiken's V Method for Evaluating the Content Validity of Instruments that Measure the Implementation of Formative Assessments. Journal of Research and Educational Research Evaluation, 12(2), 125. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jere
Pring, R. (2017). New perspectives on young children's moral education: developing character through a virtue ethics approach. By Tony Eaude. . British Journal of Educational Studies, 65(1), 135–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2017.1282094
Quinlan, K. M. (2016). Developing student character through disciplinary curriculum: an analysis of UK QAA subject benchmark statements. Studies in Higher Education, 41(6), 1041–1054. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2014.966069
Ramdan, A. Y., & Fauziah, P. Y. (2019). The Role of Parents and Teachers in Developing Character Values of Elementary School Children. Premiere Educandum: Journal of Elementary Education and Learning, 9(2), 100. https://doi.org/10.25273/pe.v9i2.4501
Rubtsov, V. V., & Ulanovskaya, I. M. (2020). Learning activity as an effective way to develop meta-subject and personal competencies in elementary school students. Cultural-Historical Psychology, 16(2), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2020160207
Ryan, P., Weiss, M., & Papanek, P. (2019). A Substruction Approach to Assessing the Theoretical Validity of Measures. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 27, 126–145. https://doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.27.1.126
Shrotryia, V. K., & Dhanda, U. (2019). Content Validity of Assessment Instrument for Employee Engagement. SAGE Open, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018821751
Sokatch, A. (2017). Toward a Research Agenda: Building Character Strengths in School Settings. In Journal of Youth and Adolescence (Vol. 46, Issue 6, pp. 1238–1239). Springer New York LLC. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0657-9
Souza, A. C. de, Alexandre, N. M. C., & Guirardello, E. de B. (2017). Propriedades psicométricas na avaliação de instrumentos: avaliação da confiabilidade e da validade. Epidemiologia e Servicos de Saude : Revista Do Sistema Unico de Saude Do Brasil, 26(3), 649–659. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742017000300022
Thomas, K. J., da Cunha, J., & Santo, J. B. (2022). Changes in Character Virtues are Driven by Classroom Relationships: A Longitudinal Study of Elementary School Children. School Mental Health, 14(2), 266–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-022-09511-8
Wasehudin, W., Wajdi, M. B. N., Silahuddin, S., Syafei, I., Sirojudin, R., Bahtiar, M., & Hasanah, U. (2024). The Paradigm Of Character Education In Islamic Elementary School. Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura, 24(2), 368. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v24i2.22546
Mahatma, Riyadi, & Arthur, R. (2025). Validation of the Content of Elementary School Teacher Competency Instruments in Developing Student Character Using the Aiken’s V Method. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(9), 341–349.
Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
