International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

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Developing an Ihdad Support Model for Muslim Working Women in Malaysia Using Fuzzy Delphi Method

Open access

Norazla Abdul Wahab, Zanariah Dimon, Norita Kamaruddin, Surianom Miskam, Syh Noorul Madihah Syed Husin, Muhammad Yusri Zulkefli

Pages 67-79 Received: 19 Jul, 2025 Revised: 10 Aug, 2025 Published Online: 02 Sep, 2025

http://dx.doi.org/10.46886/IJARBSS/v15-i9/18287
Iddah is the mandatory mourning period for widows, requiring adherence to specific restrictions under Islamic law or ihdad to honour the marital bond and fulfil religious obligations. However, Muslim working women may face challenges in fully observing ihdad due to workplace demands, thus highlighting the need for employer guidelines to support compliance. This study aims to propose the development components of an Ihdad support model for Muslim working women in Malaysia based on expert consensus. To achieve the objective, the Fuzzy Delphi method using a 7-point Likert scale, was applied to obtain expert consensus. The findings indicate that the policy, financial, social, emotional, and knowledge support as the components of the ihdad support model obtained expert consensus, with an agreement level exceeding 75%, a threshold value below 0.2 (d<0.2) and an a-cut value above 0.5. This study concludes that these five components could serve as a basis for developing the Ihdad support model for Muslim working women in Malaysia.
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Wahab, N. A., Dimon, Z., Kamaruddin, N., Miskam, S., Husin, S. N. M. S., & Zulkefli, M. Y. (2025). Developing an Ihdad Support Model for Muslim Working Women in Malaysia Using Fuzzy Delphi Method. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(9), 67–79.