The practice of recycling plays an important role in efforts to deal with the problem of solid waste and protect the environment. This study aims to evaluate the level of involvement in recycling practices and the factors that influence it among civil servants. Civil servants are seen as an important group because they not only manage the implementation of public policy but also act as agents of change in society. There are many contextual factors that influence public servants to practice recycling, so path analysis is used to analyze direct and indirect influences on the decomposition model. The purpose of the study is to apply path analysis on the factors that influence recycling practices. This study is non-reactive with a cross-sectional design. This study uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire method and interviews to collect data from civil servants in the State of Melaka. Path analysis is used to see the causal influence between variables. The results of the path analysis show that various contextual factors such as taking care of the environment, solid waste segregation, recycling campaigns, generating side income, social influence and recycling facilities on recycling practices. The results of the band analysis show four contextual factors that indirectly influence recycling practices (e2=0.352), namely recycling facilities (37.8%), generating side income (18.5%), social influence (61.5%) and solid waste separation (6.2 %). Findings from this study, the Melaka State Government Civil Servant Recycling Practice Model which consists of elements of recycling facilities, generating side income, social influence, solid waste separation and knowledge has been developed.
Mahmud, A. R. (2008). Kesedaran alam sekitar kakitangan awam. Utusan Online, 1 Mei. file:///C:/Users/Admin/Downloads/Kesedaranalamsekitarkakitanganawam.pdf [Akses 5 Mac 2025].
Yang, A. B. (2000). Pendidikan alam sekitar asas pengurusan berhemah. Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia, 1 Januari. http://www.ikim.gov.my/newwp/index.php/2000/01/01/pendidikan-alam-sekitar-asas-pengurusan-berhemah/ [Akses 5 Mac 2025].
Azhar, A., & Yang, K. (2018). Workplace and non-workplace pro-environmental behaviors: empirical evidence from Florida City Governments. Public Administration Review 00: 1-12.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Aisha, A., & Yang, K. (2018). Workplace and non-workplace pro-environmental behaviors: Empirical evidence from Florida city governments. Public Administration Review, 00, 1–12.
Berita Harian Online. (2015, April 28). Melaka haramkan bekas makanan polisterin mulai 15 Mei. Berita Harian. https://origin.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2015/04/50462/melaka-haramkanbekas-makanan-polisterin-mulai-15-mei
Cheku, N. H., Ibrahim, M., & Mohd Yusri, I. (2014, October 21). Hubungan sikap alam sekitar dan amalan kitar semula di negeri Terengganu. Kertas Kerja Social Sciences Postgraduate International Seminar (SSPIS) 2014. Sekolah Sains Sosial, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang.
Edsand, H. E., & Broich, T. (2020). The impact of environmental education on environmental and renewable energy technology awareness: Empirical evidence from Colombia. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 18(3), 611–634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-019-09985-2
Fan, L., Feng, C., Robin, M., & Huang, X. (2023). Transformational leadership and service performance for civil servants of public organizations in China: A two-path mediating role of trust. Chinese Management Studies, 17(1), 215–230. https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-03-2021-0105
Geiger, J. L., Steg, L., Van der Werff, E., & Ünal, A. B. (2019). A meta-analysis of factors related to recycling. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 64, 78–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.05.004
Haliza, A. R. (2016, October 24–25). Pengurusan sisa pepejal bandar daripada perspektif perundangan. Seminar Serantau Pengurusan Persekitaran. Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hotel Puri Pujangga UKM.
Hasnah, A., Nur Dyah, F. E., Sanep, A., Lyndon, N., & Ahmad, A. R. (2012). Tingkah laku isi rumah dan pengurusan sisa pepejal kawasan perumahan di Jakarta, Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 8(6), 184–194.
?lhan, N., Do?an, Y., & Tosun, C. (2019). The investigation of first grade students’ knowledge, awareness and attitudes about recycling. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 9(1), 174–190.
Isna, Z. S., Kamarul, I., Mohd Hairy, I., Nor Kalsum, M. I., & Mazdi, M. (2021). Pemetaan sisa pepejal domestik dan industri menggunakan aplikasi World Cleanup dan Sistem Maklumat Geografi di Hutan Melintang, Perak, Malaysia. Asian Journal of Environment, History and Heritage, 5(1), 53–67.
Jabatan Ketua Menteri Melaka. (2012). Pelan pengurusan pelanggan Jabatan Ketua Menteri Melaka (JKMM) 2012–2015.
Kosmo! Online. (2024, April 2). Kutipan sisa pepejal meningkat 3,600 tan metrik. Kosmo! https://www.kosmo.com.my/2024/04/02/kutipan-sisa-pepejal-meningkat-3600-tan-metrik/
Laporan Tahunan. (2016). Perbadanan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal dan Pembersihan Awam (SWCorp).
Ling, M., & Xu, L. (2020). Relationships between personal values, micro-contextual factors and residents’ pro-environmental behaviors: An explorative study. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 156, 104697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104697
Mahmud, A. R. (2008, May 1). Kesedaran alam sekitar kakitangan awam. Utusan Online.
Mashitoh, Y. (2009). The influence of contextual aspects on New Zealand Muslim males’ environmentally ethical behaviour (Doctoral thesis, University of Waikato).
Miller, N. D., Meindl, J. N., & Caradine, M. (2016). The effects of bin proximity and visual prompts on recycling in a university building. Behavior and Social Issues, 25, 4–10.
Mohamad Asrofi, M. (2013). Kajian tabiat kitar semula di kalangan penjawat awam di pejabat setiausaha kerajaan negeri Selangor. Institut Tadbir Awam Negara (INTAN).
Muhammad Basir, R., & Sakinah, M. S. (2022, March 10). Anggaran 14 juta tan sampah akan dikutip tahun ini. Malaysiakini Online. https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/613802
Muniandy, G., Mohamed Anuar, M., Foster, B., Saputra, J., Johansyah, M. D., Tran, T. K., & Ahmed, Z. U. (2021). Determinants of sustainable waste management behavior of Malaysian academics. Sustainability, 13(14), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147714
Natasha Edreena, M. N., & Zuliskandar, R. (2020). Keberkesanan media massa dan media sosial kepada masyarakat dalam menyelesaikan isu penjagaan warisan negara. Asian Journal of Environment, History and Heritage, 4(1), 1–14.
Ng, S. L. (2020). Knowledge–intention–behavior associations and spillovers of domestic and workplace recycling. The Social Science Journal, 1–22.
Nor Fazilah, A. H. (2021). Model amalan kitar semula penjawat awam kerajaan negeri Melaka (Doctoral thesis, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia).
Nur Farhana, A. R. (2019, June 1). Kempen hindar guna plastik berkuat kuasa. Sinar Harian. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/30991/EDISI/Selangor-KL/Kempenlarang-guna-plastik-berkuatkuasa-1-Julai
Nurkhamimi, Z. (2016, January 1). Asing sampah tingkat proses kitar semula. Berita Harian. http://ddms.usim.edu.my/bitstream/123456789/11981/1/5.1.2016%20%20Nasional%20%2834%29.pdf
Ofstad, S. P., Tobolova, M., Nayum, A., & Klöckner, C. A. (2017). Understanding the mechanisms behind changing people’s recycling behavior at work by applying a comprehensive action determination mode. Sustainability, 9(2), 1–17.
Oke, A. (2015). Workplace waste recycling behaviour: A meta-analytical review. Sustainability, 7, 7175–7194.
Rosinah, E. (2011). Penyelidikan tindakan kaedah dan penulisan. Kuala Lumpur: Freemind Horizons Sdn. Bhd.
Seow, T. W. (2012). Sumbangan komuniti pengutip sampah dalam pengurusan sisa pepejal di Malaysia. Batu Pahat: Penerbit Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.
Sreenivasan, J., Govindan, M., Chinnasami, M., & Kadiresu, I. (2012). Solid waste management in Malaysia–A move towards sustainability. In L. F. M. Rebellon (Ed.), Waste Management – An integrated vision (pp. 55–70). IntechOpen.
Suriani, A. (2018, January 22). Kesedaran elak guna polisterin mulai Februari ini. Teganukita. https://www.teganukita.net/2018/01/kesedaran-elak-guna-polisterin-mulai.html
Tan, A. B., Md. Salleh, H. H., Jusang, B., & Ramdzani, A. (2013). Exploring the levels of knowledge, attitudes and environment friendly practices among young civil servants in Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(S), 21–38.
Teuku, A., & Rosazman, H. (2015). Pengurusan sisa pepejal di Kota Bharu, Kelantan: Pendekatan komuniti. E-Proceeding of the International Conference on Social Science Research 2015, 542–852.
Tiew, K. G., Noor Ezlin Ahmad, B., Watanabe, K., Abushammala, M. F. M., & Mohd Takiyuddin, I. (2015). Assessment of the sustainability level of community waste recycling program in Malaysia. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 17, 598–605.
Tiew, K. G., Noor Ezlin Ahmad, B., Deng, H., Watanabe, W., Shahrom Md, Z., & Wang, S. (2019). Comparative study on recycling behaviours between regular recyclers and non-regular recyclers in Malaysia. Journal of Environmental Management, 237, 255–266.
Vassanadumrongdee, S., & Kittipongvise, S. (2018). Factors influencing source separation intention and willingness to pay for improving waste management in Bangkok, Thailand. Sustainable Environment Research, 28(2), 90–99.
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Harper and Row.
Yang, A. B. (2000, January 1). Pendidikan alam sekitar asas pengurusan berhemah. Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia.
Hamid, N. F. A., Yaacob, M., Rosli, N., Ahmad, N. A., Raus, T. Z. M., & Rahman, A. A. A. (2025). Contextual Influences on Recycling Practices among Melaka Civil Servants: A Path Analysis Approach. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(8), 1268–1283.
Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode