As digital transformation reshapes modern enterprises, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have become essential tools for integrating and optimizing core business processes. This conceptual paper provides a comprehensive overview of ERP systems by synthesizing recent academic literature on their evolution, definitions, technical architecture, key characteristics, and modular structure. Emphasizing ERP's role as both a technological platform and a strategic enabler, the study highlights how ERP systems facilitate organizational efficiency, cross-functional coordination, and data-driven decision-making. The paper also explores emerging themes such as system flexibility, modularity, and integration in light of technological advancements. By offering a structured synthesis, this research serves as a foundational reference for scholars and practitioners seeking to understand ERP systems in the context of enterprise-wide digital innovation.
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