Hypertension is a serious threat to the health of at least 1.4 billion people worldwide, and exploring the relationship between body composition and hypertension is of great significance for the prevention and control of essential hypertension. Existing studies have shown that a composite body composition index is a more effective predictor of hypertension than a single index, such as BMI. Increased adiposity is strongly associated with an elevated risk of hypertension, particularly visceral fat accumulation, which drives the development of hypertension by influencing body metabolism and hormone levels. Fat distribution also influences the development of hypertension, and indicators of abdominal obesity, such as waist-to-hip ratio, are strongly associated with the prevalence of hypertension and vary across gender. In addition, muscle mass, mineral (e.g., calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, etc.) and water balance also play an important role in blood pressure regulation, and decreased muscle mass, abnormal calcium metabolism, and water imbalance may lead to increased blood pressure. Therefore, body composition indexes can be used as an effective basis for assessing the risk of hypertension and the effectiveness of treatment, and provide an important reference for the non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension.
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