This study examines the Nankang furniture industry in Jiangxi Province, using stratified random sampling to collect data from 395 frontline production workers across 15 large-scale enterprises. It systematically investigates the influence of demographic variables, economic-occupational factors, and personality traits on job motivation. The results indicate that: (1) Age, gender, marital status, and education level significantly affect job motivation, with married employees and those in the 26-30 age group demonstrating higher motivation levels; (2) Individual and household annual income are important economic factors influencing job motivation, exhibiting a non-linear relationship; (3) Among the Big Five personality traits, conscientiousness and extraversion have the strongest positive effects on job motivation, while neuroticism shows a significant negative impact. This research fills an empirical gap in understanding motivation formation mechanisms among frontline workers in county-level specialized industrial clusters, providing theoretical foundations and practical implications for furniture manufacturing enterprises to implement differentiated incentive strategies and enhance human resource management.
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