International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

Reconceptualizing Blended Learning to Promote English Language Teaching

Open access
This paper aims to reconceptualize blended learning as an appropriate approach to teaching and learning to promote the teaching of English from grades 1 to 12. Therefore, it aims to identify the essential components that should be integrated into blended learning models to learn English. In addition, it aims to highlight best practices for integrating blended learning components into ELT contexts. Methodology: A reflective thematic analysis was used to reach the conclusions this study. Textual data collected from various theoretical and empirical publications were categorized and coded to reveal themes and patterns that answered the research questions. Results: Three main components were identified that should be integrated in any blended learning context: digital content, digital environment and digital pedagogy, in addition to physical and traditional content, environment and pedagogy. In addition, these components must be integrated into the framework of instructional design strategies to ensure that learning activities serve the ultimate goals of personalized and engaging English language learning. Recommendations: The reconceptualization process is an incremental process that requires policy makers and educators to continually refine and shape blended learning to achieve its optimal goals.
Ab Rashid, R., Yahaya, M. F., Rahman, M. F. A., & Yunus, K. (2016). Teachers’ informal learning via social networking technology. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (Online), 11(10), 76.
Abugohar, M. A., Yunus, K., & Ab Rashid, R. (2019). Smartphone applications as a teaching technique for enhancing tertiary learners' speaking skills: perceptions and practices. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (Online), 14(9), 74.
Al-shami, S. A., Aziz, H., & Rashid, N. (2018). The adoption of MOOC utilization among undergraduate students in Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTEM). Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 10(6S), 2634–2654.
Anthony, B., Kamaludin, A., Romli, A., Farihan, A., Raffei, M., Nincarean, D., Phon, A. L., Eh, A., Abdullah, A., & Ming, G. (2022). Blended Learning Adoption and Implementation in Higher Education: A Theoretical and Systematic Review. Tech Know Learn, 27, 531–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-020-09477-z
Hasnan, B. (2020). Determinants of Students’ Perceived Learning Outcome and Satisfaction in Online Learning during the Pandemic of COVID19. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research, 7(3): 285-292.
Be?irovi?, S. (2023). What Is Digital Pedagogy?. In: Digital Pedagogy. SpringerBriefs in Education(). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0444-0_1
Bersin J. (2004). The blended learning book: best practices proven methodologies and lessons learned. Pfeiffer. Retrieved November 28 2022 from http://www.books24x7.com/marc.asp?bookid=9508.
Bervell, B., & Umar, I. N. (2018). Blended learning or face-to-face? Does Tutor anxiety prevent the adoption of Learning Management Systems for distance education in Ghana? Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 35(2), 159–177.
Branch, R. M., & Kopcha, T. J. (2014). Instructional design models. In Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (pp. 77-87). Springer New York.
Braun, V., Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qual. Res. Sport Exerc. Health 11(4), 589–597. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1080/ 21596 76X. 2019. 16288 06
Braun, V., Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual. Res. Psychol. 3(2), 77–101. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1191/ 14780 88706 qp063 oa
Cao, W. (2023). A meta-analysis of effects of blended learning on performance, attitude, achievement, and engagement across different countries. Front. Psychol. 14:1212056. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1212056
Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D., & Snow, M. (2014). Teaching English as a second or foreign language (4th ed.). National Geographic Learning. https://archive.org/details/teaching-english-as-a-second-or-foreign-language-fourth-edition/mode/2up
Drea, J. (2021, March 19). Online? In Person? The Power of Letting Students Choose: How Course Delivery Models Should Evolve Post-Pandemic, Not Turn Back. Harvard Business Publishing Education: Classroom Management. Retrieved from https://www.hbsp.harvard.edu/inspiring-minds/online-in-person-the-power-of-letting-students-choose
Driscoll, M., Carliner, S. (2005) Advanced Web-Based Training: Adapting Real World Strategies in Your Online Learning, Pfeiffer. ISBN 0787969796
Edward, C. N., Asirvatham, D., & Johar, M. G. M. (2018). Effect of blended learning and learners’ characteristics on students’ competence: An empirical evidence in learning oriental music. Education and Information Technologies, 23, 2587–2606.
Fang Jing, H., Mohd Noh, M. A., Ibrahim, R., Ilias, M. F., Mohd Pisol, M. I., & Mohsin, N. (2024). Integrating Open Distance Learning in Higher Education Institutions as a Transformative Shift in Teaching and Learning. Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS), 9(1), 121-138. https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol9iss1pp121-138
Fuller, L. (2021). Negotiating a New Blend in Blended Learning: Research Roots. Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges, 24 (1). Retrieved from https://commons.vccs.edu/inquiry/vol24/iss1/6
Ghazal, S., Al-Samarraie, H., & Aldowah, H. (2018). “I am still learning”: Modeling LMS Critical success factors for promoting students’ experience and satisfaction in a blended learning environment. IEEE Access.
Graham, C. R., Woodfield, W., & Harrison, J. B. (2013). A framework for institutional adoption and implementation of blended learning in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 18, 4–14.
Huang, R. H., Liu, D. J., Tlili, A., Yang, J. F., Wang, H. H., (2020). Handbook on Facilitating Flexible Learning During Educational Disruption: The Chinese Experience in Maintaining Undisrupted Learning in COVID-19 Outbreak. Beijing: Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University.
Interaction Design Foundation - IxDF. (2024, March 20). What is The Fourth Industrial Revolution?. Interaction Design Foundation - IxDF. https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/the-fourth-industrial-revolution
Istrate, O. (2022). Digital Pedagogy. Definition and Conceptual Area. Journal of Digital Pedagogy, 1(1) 3-10. Bucharest: Institute for Education. https://doi.org/10.61071/JDP.0313
Kaur, M. (2013). Blended learning-its challenges and future. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 612–617.
Klentien, U., & Wannasawade, W. (2016). Development of blended learning model with virtual science laboratory for secondary students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 217, 706–711.
Kumar, R., & Pande, N. (2017). Technology-mediated learning paradigm and the blended learning ecosystem: What works for working professionals? Procedia Computer Science, 122, 1114–1123.
Owston, R., York, D., & Malhotra, T. (2019). Blended learning in large enrolment courses: Student perceptions across four different instructional models. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 35(5), 29–45.
So, H. J., & Brush, T. A. (2008). Student perceptions of collaborative learning, social presence and satisfaction in a blended learning environment: Relationships and critical factors. Computers & education, 51(1), 318–336.
Spoel, I., Noroozi, O., Schuurink, E. & Ginkel, S. (2020) Teachers’ online teaching expectations and experiences during the Covid19-pandemic in the Netherlands. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 623-638, DOI: 10.1080/02619768.2020.1821185
Tengku Sharif, T. I. S., Mohamad Noor, M. Y., Omar, S. R., & Seong, T. K. (2022). HUMANISING MOBILE ONLINE ESL BLENDED LEARNING MODEL. Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS), 7(2), 473-494. https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp473-494
Van Laer, S., & Elen, J. (2020). Adults’ self-regulatory behaviour profiles in blended learning environments and their implications for design. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 25, 509–539.
Hazza, G., & Abrshid, R. (2025). Reconceptualizing Blended Learning to Promote English Language Teaching. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(4), 822–841.