This paper aims to develop a questionnaire to identify the main constructs of sustainability in Omani sports federations. It also seeks to build the items of these constructs to measure six sustainable development goals (SDGs): health 3 SDG, education 4 SDG, gender equality 5 SDG, economic empowerment 8 SDG, enhance urbanism 11 SDG, and governance and peace 16 SDG, in line with Oman Vision 2040. Seven expert panels were selected to validate the items’ instrument, alongside 50 individuals from Omani sports federations to assess validity and reliability using SPSS. The results showed that the validity of sustainability, as evaluated by the expert panel, reached a value of r = 0.89. For the environmental, social, and economic sustainability dimensions, the r values were 0.94, 0.92, and 0.82, respectively. The Pearson test indicated that all items of the sustainability dimensions are statistically significant, except for items 19 and 21 in the economic sustainability dimension, and item 32 in the social sustainability dimension. The overall reliability values of sustainability, measured by Cronbach’s alpha and Split-half, were 0.976 and 0.990, respectively. The study confirms the accuracy of validation and reliability processes, highlighting the instrument's importance for promoting sustainability in Oman's sports federations.
Almenhali, A. A. A. (2019). Embedding sustainable strategies for competitive advantage in the UAE sports sector. Retrieved June 29, 2023, from http://hdl.handle.net/2436/622673
Amman Stock Exchange. (2018). Sustainability 1. Amman Stock Exchange. Retrieved October 12, 2024, from https://www.ase.com.jo/en
Andersson, E. (2022). Public pedagogy and leadership in sports organisations: Futebol dá força for sustainability?. European Educational Research Journal, 21(3), 450-468. https://doi-org.squ.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/14749041211053721
Annesi, N., Battaglia, M., & Frey, M. (2023). Sustainability in Sport-Related Studies: A Non-Systematic Review to Increase the Sports Contribution to the 2030 Agenda. Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research, 98(1), 81-98.? https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2023-0007
Bas, D., Martin, M., Pollack, C., & Venne, R. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on sport, physical activity, and well-being and its effects on social development. United Nations Department of Economic & Social Affairs, Policy Brief, 73. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/ development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/06/PB_73.pdf
Beutler, I. (2008). Sport serving development and peace: Achieving the goals of the United Nations through sport. Sport in Society, 11(4), 359-369. 10.1080/17430430802019227
Boudreau, M. C., Gefen, D., & Straub, D. W. (2001). Validation in information systems research: A state-of-the-art assessment. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 25(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250956
Broman, G. I., & Robèrt, K. H. (2017). A framework for strategic sustainable development. Journal of cleaner production, 140, 17-31.? https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.121
Campillo-Sánchez, J., Segarra-Vicens, E., Morales-Baños, V., & Díaz-Suárez, A. (2021). Sport and sustainable development goals in Spain. Sustainability, 13(6), 3505. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063505
Caradonna, J. L. (2014). Sustainability: A history. Oxford University Press.?
Churchill Jr, Gilbert. A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of marketing research, 16(1), 64-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377901600110
Cury, R., Kennelly, M., & Howes, M. (2023). Environmental sustainability policy within Australian Olympic sport organisations. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 15(1), 125-145 .? https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2023.2166975
Werra, J. (2022). Reference Guide to Sustaining Sport and its Development through Intellectual Property Rights (Mandated by the World Intellectual Property Organization/WIPO). SSRN. Retrieved 17 June, 2023, from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4183898
Erdo?du, M., Mermod, A. Y., & Yildirim, O. B. A. (2016). Social and Economic Perspectives on Sustainability. IJOPEC Publications.
Fernandes, V., & Philippi Jr, A. (2017). Sustainability sciences. The Oxford handbook of interdisciplinarity, 370.?
Gadais, T., Favier-Ambrosini, B. & Rioux, M. A. (2022). Proposal of Milestones to Map and Understand the Uses of Sport for Development and Peace. In: Sobry, C., Hozhabri, K. (eds) International Perspectives on Sport for Sustainable Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi-org.squ.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06936-9_3
Giulianotti, R., Coalter, F., Collison, H., & Darnell, S. C. (2019). Rethinking Sportland: A New Research Agenda for the Sport for Development and Peace Sector. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 43(6), 411-437. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723519867590
Glibo, I., Misener, L., & Koenigstorfer, J. (2022). Strategic Sustainable Development in International Sport Organisations: A Delphi Study. Sustainability, 14(16), 9874.? https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169874
Greenhalgh, G., & Drayer, J. (2020). An Assessment of Fans' Willingness to Pay for Team's Environmental Sustainability Initiatives. Sport marketing quarterly, 29(2).? https://doi.org/10.32731/SMQ.292.062020.04
Griethuijsen, R. A. L. F., Eijck, M. W., Haste, H., Brok, P. J., Skinner, N. C., Mansour, N. (2014). Global patterns in students’ views of science and interest in science. Research in Science Education, 45(4), 581–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-014-9438-6
Hayashi, P., Abib, G., & Hoppen, N. (2019). Validity in qualitative research: A processual approach. Qualitative Report, 24(1), 98–112. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160- 3715/2019.3443
Heale, R., & Twycross, A. (2015). Validity and reliability in quantitative studies. Evidence-Based Nursing, 18(3), 66–67. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-102129
Hozhabri, K., Sobry, C., & Ramzaninejad, R. (2022). Sport for Sustainable Development: Historical and Theoretical Approaches. Springer.
Iyadurai, J. (2023). Social Research Methods: For Students and Scholars of Theology and Religious Studies. Marina Centre for interdisciplinary Studies in Religion, Chennai.?
Kromidha, E., Spence, L. J., Anastasiadis, S., & Dore, D. (2019). A longitudinal perspective on sustainability and innovation governmentality: the case of the Olympic Games as a mega-event. Journal of Management Inquiry, 28(1), 77-93.? https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492617711585
Madihie, A., & Noah, S. M. (2013). An Application of the Sidek Module Development in Rebt Counseling Intervention Module Design for Orphans. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1481–1491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.777
Mohd Said, O. F., Md Taff, M. A., Hashim, A., & Zakaria, J. (2020). Validation of Inventory Responses-oMR (IR-oMR) towards the Self-Assesment Instrument of Outdoor Competency (OCL-oMR) among the Co-curriculum Center Coaches in Malaysia. Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 9(2), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.37134/jsspj.vol9.2.7.2020
Mohd, S., & Ahmad, J. (2005). Pembinaan modul: Bagaimana membina modul latihan dan modul akademik. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Moon, P., Bayle, E., & François, A. (2022). Assessing International Sport Federations' Sustainability Practices: Toward Integrating Sustainability in Their Main Sports Events. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3, 397.? https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.752085
Müller, M., Wolfe, S. D., Gaffney, C., Gogishvili, D., Hug, M., & Leick, A. (2021). An evaluation of the sustainability of the Olympic Games. Nature sustainability, 4(4), 340-348.? https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ZARR6A
Oman Olympic Committee [OOC]. (2018). Highlights 2018. Oman Olympic Committee [OOC]. Retrieved July 12, 2023 from, https://ooc.om/wp-content/uploads/2018.pdf
Oman Olympic Committee [OOC]. (2019). Highlights 2019. Oman Olympic Committee [OOC]. Retrieved July 12, 2023 from, https://ooc.om/wp-content/uploads/2019.pdf
Oman Olympic Committee [OOC]. (2020). Highlights 2020. Oman Olympic Committee [OOC]. Retrieved July 12, 2023 from, https://ooc.om/wp-content/uploads/2020.pdf
Oman Olympic Committee [OOC]. (2021). Highlights 2021. Oman Olympic Committee [OOC]. Retrieved July 12, 2023 from, https://ooc.om/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2023.pdf
Öztopcu, A. (2024). Environmental sustainability in sport: formula 1’s SDGs responsiveness. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26, 31075–31097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-04243-4
Pérez, J. C. G., Rodríguez, M. S., Barrios, S. A. G., & Camacho, R. U. (2023). La Agenda 2030 y las prácticas de responsabilidad social corporativa en las federaciones deportivas colombianas. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, (48), 450-460.?
Perkumien?, D., Atalay, A., & Švagždien?, B. (2023). Carbon Footprint Stemming from Ice Sports on the Turkey and Lithuanian Scale. Energies, 16(3), 1476.? https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031476
Piccerillo, L., Misiti, F., & Digennaro, S. (2023). Assessing the Environmental Impact of a University Sport Event: The Case of the 75th Italian National University Championships. Sustainability, 15(3), 2267.? https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032267
Piller, S., & Nagel, S. (2024). Environmental sustainability in sport federations: a Swiss case study of environmental policy genesis. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 54(1), 97-106.? https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-023-00906-6
Raj, R., & Musgrave, J. (2009). Event management and sustainability. Cabi. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845935245.0000?
Raj, R., & Musgrave, J. (2009). Event management and sustainability. Cabi. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845935245.0000
Robinson, J. (2010). Triandis’ theory of interpersonal behaviour in understanding software piracy behaviour in the South African context [Doctoral dissertation]. University of the Witwatersrand.
Ross, W. J., Pfahl, M., & Trendafilova, S. (2024). Racing With a Purpose: Sustainability in Formula E. Communication & Sport, 0(0). https://doi-org.squ.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/21674795241233558
Said, O. F. M., Taff, M. A. M., Hashim, A., Zakaria, J., Yasim, M. M., Shafie, M. S., & Johanis, N. J. (2020). Validity and Reliability of Model Competency Instrument of Outdoor Education Co-Curriculum Center in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i5/7170
Santini, D., & Henderson, H. (2021). The winners and losers in the race to environmental sustainability: a ranking of Summer Olympic International Federation progress. Emerald Open Research, 3, 12.?
Saunders, M. (2014). Research Methods for Business Students (6th ed.). Pearson Education.
Stoklasa, J., Talášek, T., & Stoklasová, J. (2019). Semantic differential for the twentyfirst century: scale relevance and uncertainty entering the semantic space. Quality and Quantity, 53, 435–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-018-0762-1
Svensson, P. G., & Seifried, C. S. (2017). Navigating plurality in hybrid organizing: The case of sport for development and peace entrepreneurs. Journal of Sport Management, 31(2), 176-190.? https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2016-0129
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument; How to Test the Validation of a Questionnaire/Survey in a Research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM), 5. https://hal.science/hal-02546799
Thormann, T. F., & Wicker, P. (2021). Determinants of pro-environmental behavior among voluntary sport club members. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 51(1), 29-38.? https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-020-00700-8
Trail, G. T., & McCullough, B. P. (2020). Marketing sustainability through sport: Testing the sport sustainability campaign evaluation model. European Sport Management Quarterly, 20(2), 109-129.? https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2019.1580301
Trendafilova, S., J. Ross, W., Triantafyllidis, S., & Pelcher, J. (2023). Tokyo 2020 Olympics sustainability: An elusive concept or reality?. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 58(3), 469-490.? https://doi.org/10.1177/10126902221110157
Triantafyllidis, S., & Mallen, C. (2022). Sport and Sustainable Development: An Introduction. Routledge. https://doi-org.squ.idm.oclc.org/10.4324/9781003128953
Van Holt, T., & Whelan, T. (2019, July). The Evolution of Thought in the Era of Embedded Sustainability. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2019(1), 18730.? https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2019.18730abstract
Warner, M., Robinson, J., Heal, B., Lloyd, J., O’Connell, P. & Rose, L. (in press). “A comprehensive sport for development strategy using collaborative partnerships to facilitate employment among youth facing barriers. Journal of Sport for Development. Retrieved December 16, 2024, from https://jsfd.org/
Williams, M., Vogt, W. P., & Wiggins, R. D. (2022). Beginning quantitative research.? SAGE.
Yelamos, G. M., Carty, C., & Clardy, A. (2019). Sport A driver of sustainable development, promoter of human rights, and vehicle for health and well-being for all. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 9(4), 315–327. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-10-2018-0090
Al-Fathi, Y., Said, O. F. M., Zakaria, J., Sani, M. H. M., & Alsiyabi, I. (2025). Developing and Validating a Sustainability Instrument for Omani Sports Federations: Aligning with Oman Vision 2040 and Sustainable Development Goals. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(3), 2035–2050.
Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode