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Privacy and Confidentiality in Islam: An Analysis of Islamic Jurisprudence Guideline in the Light of Maqasid Al-Shariah

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Invasions into the private life of a person are unethical and punishable as infringement on human rights. In response to this issue, legislative laws have been established to safeguard the privacy of personal matters. Islamic law, as articulated in the Quran and Sunnah, asserts the significance of confidentiality in maintaining the sanctity of life, which aligns with Maqasid Shariah's objectives. This study examines Qur'anic verses and Hadiths that institute individual privacy. The study, through a descriptive and analytical methodology, explains and discusses these sources to further knowledge about Islamic attitudes towards privacy. The primary conclusions establish four fundamental pillars: First, the individual must conceal their nakedness, where there is strong emphasis on physical privacy. Second, the privacy of the house must be maintained, thereby forbidding illegitimate invasion. Third, the defendants must not be tortured to force them to give information, and they are thus shielded from coercion. Fourth, confidential communication and correspondence must be safeguarded from wiretapping or espionage. These dictates echo the significance of privacy in facilitating human dignity and social harmony and advancing the higher objectives of Shariah. The paper contends that privacy protection is essential to fulfilling the goals of Maqasid Shariah, which seeks to enhance social cohesion and promote moral virtues. By integrating principal Islamic viewpoints of privacy, the paper develops an integrated literature for comprehending proscriptions against privacy within Muslim society. Finally, it contends that Islamic doctrine perceives privacy as essential to the safeguarding of personal integrity and the fortification of relationships.
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