The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess the level of Ubiquitous Technology (U-Tech) usage, (ii) evaluate undergraduates' competency in U-Tech, and (iii) examine the significance of the relationship between U-Tech usage and competency. A total of 400 undergraduates from four faculties were randomly selected as participants. The study utilized a survey method, collecting data through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised 5 items on demographic information, 42 items on U-Tech usage, and 42 items on U-Tech competency, with reliability scores of 0.958 and 0.971, respectively. Data analysis was conducted using both descriptive statistics (mean, percentage, frequency, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation). The findings indicated that the majority of undergraduates exhibited a high level of U-Tech usage (mean = 4.39, SD = 0.895). However, the overall utilisation of U-Tech among undergraduates was found to be moderate, as was their competency in using U-Tech. Lastly, the results demonstrated a significant positive relationship (r = 0.335, p < 0.01) between U-Tech usage and undergraduates' competency level.
Abdullah, L., Wan Mohd Amin, W. A. A., Mansor, N. R., Mohammad Noor, N. M., & Amirudin, N. A. (2011). First-year students’ perceptions of their computer-related skills: A preliminary study. Journal of Information Systems: New Paradigms, 1(1), 38–42.
Ahmad, M., Abdul Karim, A., Din, R., & Albakri, I. (2013). Assessing ICT competencies among postgraduate students based on the 21st-century ICT competency model. Asian Social Science, 9(16), 32–49. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n16p32
Alzubi, A. A. F., Nazim, M., & Ahmad, J. (2024). Exploring teachers’ perceptions of EFL students’ engagement in collaborative learning: Implementation issues and suggestions. Qubahan Academic Journal, 4(1), 250–264. https://doi.org/10.6007/maj.v4i1.298
Amini, M., Ravindran, L., & Lee, K. F. (2024). Adapting education shifts in Malaysia after COVID-19: A comprehensive review of flexible assessments, lifelong learning initiatives, and diversified learning trajectories. Asian Journal of Assessment in Teaching and Learning, 14(1), 1–14.
Arshad, M. A., & Scott-Ladd, B. (2010). Toward Vision 2020: Organisational learning practices in Malaysia. International Journal of Employment Studies, 18(1), 89–123.
Bakhtiari, R., Babak, N., Araabi, M., & Nili Ahmadabadi, M. (2007). A cooperative learning approach to mixed performance controller design: A behavioral viewpoint. International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, 2(3), [page range missing].
Blankenship, S. E. (1998). Factors related to computer use by teachers in classroom instruction (Doctoral dissertation). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Goel, S. (2006). Competency-focused engineering education with reference to IT-related disciplines: Is the Indian system ready for transformation? Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 5, 27–52.
Guetl, C., Chang, V., Edwards, A., & Boruta, S. (2013). Flexible and affordable foreign language learning environment based on Web 2.0 technologies. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 8(2), 16–24. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v8i2.2478
Gupta, S., & Bostrom, R. (2013). An investigation of the appropriation of technology-mediated training methods incorporating enactive and collaborative learning. Information Systems Research, 24(2), 454–469. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1120.0445
Hunsinger, D. S., & Corley, J. K. (2013). What influences students to use Dropbox? Issues in Information Systems, 14(1), 39–52.
Hwang, G. J., Tsai, C. C., & Yang, S. J. H. (2008). Criteria, strategies, and research issues of context-aware ubiquitous learning. Educational Technology & Society, 11(2), 81–91.
Kadel, R. (2005). How teacher attitude affects technology. Learning & Leading with Technology, 32(5), 34–47.
Khalid, S., & Yamin, S. (2012). Experiences of e-learning at a Malaysian Technical University Network in Malaysia: Is there any success? In Malaysian Technical Universities Conference on Engineering and Technology (MUCET) (pp. 613–617). Kangar: UniMAP.
Lei, J. (2010). Quantity versus quality: A new approach to examine the relationship between technology use and student outcomes. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(3), 455–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00961.x
Levin, B. C. (1997). Educational technology: Media for inquiry, communication, construction, and expression. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 17(1), 79–102. https://doi.org/10.2190/7DC1-H1V9-E0VN-TKRP
Liu, T. Y., & Chu, Y. L. (2010). Using ubiquitous games in an English listening and speaking course: Impact on learning outcomes and motivation. Computers & Education, 55(2), 630–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.023
Manuguerra, M., & Petocz, P. (2011). Promoting student engagement by integrating new technology into tertiary education: The role of the iPad. Asian Social Science, 7(11), 61–77. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v7n11p61
Martin, R., Ostashewski, N., & Dickinson-Delaporte, S. (2013). Creating authentic iPad activities to increase student engagement: A learning design approach. In World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications (Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 249–253).
Mudasiru, O. Y., & Modupe, R. B. (2011). Student-teachers’ competence and attitude towards information and communication technology: A case study in a Nigerian university. Contemporary Educational Technology, 2(1), 18–36.
Parsons, P., Dewey, M. H., & Niedringhaus, K. L. (2024). Georgia state legal technology competency model: A framework for examining and evaluating what it means to be a technologically competent lawyer. University of St. Thomas Law Journal, 20, 53–80.
Rasool, M., Murtza, M. H., Rasheed, M. I., Leong, A. M. W., Okumus, F., & Bai, J. (2025). Information technology competency and supply chain performance: Role of risk management orientation and supply chain agility. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 16(1), 158–173. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-03-2023-0105
Rodríguez, J. C. F., Granados, J. J. R., & Muñoz, F. M. (2013). Engineering education through e-learning technology in Spain. International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence, 2(1), 46–50.
Saadiah, Y. E. (2010). The definition and characteristics of ubiquitous learning: A definition. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology, 6(1), 117–127.
Sampson, D. G., Isaias, P., & Ifenthaler, D. (2013). Ubiquitous and mobile learning in the digital age: Papers from CELDA 2011. Springer.
Sedek, M., & Mohd, C. K. N. C. K. (2025). Exploring educators’ perception of and readiness for hybrid flexible learning in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in higher education. Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Humanities and Management Sciences. [in press]
Sedek, M., & Hassan, S. N. S. (2019). Establishment of the globalized online learning policy and national e-learning center. In The impact of MOOCs on distance education in Malaysia and beyond (pp. 60–78). Routledge.
Wali, I., Faisal, M., Chowdhury, A. H., Alam, S., Muhammad, K., & Islam, M. (2014). Collaborative education: New frontier for future education and Yunus social business. Business Education & Accreditation, 6(1), 101–110.
Watson, D. M. (2001). Pedagogy before technology: Rethinking the relationship between ICT and teaching. Education and Information Technologies, 6(4), 251–266. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012976702296
Sedek, M., Hussein, N. H. N., Husin, N., & Jalil, H. A. (2025). Examining the Relationship between Ubiquitous Technology Utilisation and Technology Competency: Implications for Digital Proficiency Development. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(3), 1825–1834.
Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode