This study investigates the thermal distribution on copper electrodes during plasma generation using microwave irradiation at 2.45 GHz at atmospheric pressure. Copper electrodes of varying lengths (3 cm, 6 cm, and 18 cm) were tested to determine the optimal length for stable plasma generation. A conventional microwave oven, operating at 17%, 33%, and 55% power, was used to generate plasma, while a thermal imaging camera captured the temperature distribution across the electrodes. The results indicate that the 6 cm electrode, corresponding to half the microwave wavelength, produced the most efficient and stable plasma, with temperatures reaching 182°C within five minutes at 55% power. In contrast, the 3 cm electrode, representing one-quarter wavelength, failed to generate plasma, showing significantly lower temperature rise. The 18 cm electrode demonstrated intermittent plasma generation and a less stable temperature increase, peaking at 118.4°C. These findings confirmed the critical relationship between electrode length and microwave wavelength for optimal plasma generation. The study also observed corrosion on the 6 cm electrode due to prolonged plasma exposure, suggesting further research on corrosion-resistant materials. This work contributes to the understanding of microwave-induced plasma for applications in material processing and waste treatment.
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