Background: Micro-takaful, a subset of takaful, has distinct characteristics from traditional takaful. However, Sudan currently applies the same regulations to both micro-takaful and traditional takaful and insurance. Objective: This study aims to review Sudanese micro-takaful laws and regulations to determine their alignment with current micro-takaful practices. Methodology: The study employed content analysis to systematically review guidelines in relevant regulations and laws, including papers on micro-takaful and family takaful guidelines, to assess their alignment with micro-takaful practices. Findings: The findings show that Sudanese requirements for micro-takaful operations align with core micro-takaful principles: availability, affordability, value, transparency, and simplicity. Conclusion: Current Sudanese micro-takaful regulations align well with the essential characteristics of micro-takaful, meeting the needs of the target market. Implications: While existing regulations are appropriate, further research into broader distribution channels is needed to harmonise the rules and address the public’s lack of trust in insurance and takaful.
Abbas, M. (2017). Factors that impact microfinance institutions performances in Sudan (PhD thesis), University Technology Malaysia.
Abdelrasoul, E. E. M. (2019). Islamic financial inclusion for agriculture development: A case study of South AL-Dweim Agricultural Microfinance Projects in White Nile State, Sudan (2016-2018). Micro Finance Journal, 1, 16–33.
Abdul Rahim, A. G., Salleh, A., Ahmad, A., Yusoff, A., & Muhd, N. I. (2020). Zakat-based micro-takaful model: A critical review from Islamic perspective. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(19), 8420–8427.
Afendi, A. S., & Jacob, K. (2023). Microinsurance Malaysia to mitigate poverty in Malaysia. Enhanced Knowledge in Sciences and Technology, 3(2), 62–72.
Ahmed, M. (2016). Micro-takaful Insurance as a tool to guaranteeing financing and protecting micro enterprises. Journal of Business & Financial Affairs, 5(04), 10–11. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0234.1000228
Ali, M., Hussain, H. I., Nisar, Q. A., Yenwen, C., Hamid, B. A., & Mahomed, Z. (2023). Developing a social security micro-takaful model for Gig economy workforce. Cuadernos de Economía, 46(130), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.32826/cude.v1i130.1008
Ammar, A. (2017). Factors influencing intention to adopt mobile banking in Sudanese microfinance sector (PhD Thesis). Multimedia University, Malaysia.
Ammar, A., & Ahmed, E. (2016). Factors influencing Sudanese microfinance intention to adopt mobile banking. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1-20.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2016.1154257
Ansari, Z. (2022). A review of 20 years of takaful literature using a systematic method. Asian Journal of Economics and Banking, 6(1), 2-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/ajeb-08-2021-0100
Ayaz, M., Saeed, M., & Ashraf, M. A. (2020). Micro-takaful by takaful operators in Pakistan: Problems and their solutions from the practitioners’ perspective. Global Social Sciences Review, 5(2), 523–540. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(v-ii).50
Azmi, W. A. W. M., & Razak, R. A. (2023). The determinants of service recovery performance among takaful agents in Malaysia. The Journal of Management Theory and Practice (JMTP), 4(2), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.37231/jmtp.2023.4.2.302
Badur, R. M. (2023). Microinsurance: Bibliography of unclassified literature. Qeios (Preprint), 2023, 1-51. https://doi.org/10.32388/2b0bwd.
Bakhtiari, S. (2013). Microinsurance and Micro-takaful: Strategies for poverty reduction towards sustainable development. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(1), 93–100.
Bank of Khartoum. (2016). Sudan Islamic Finance 2016 next phase of development.
Bank, W., & Bank, D. group. (2015). Global report on Islamic finance: A catalyst for shared prosperity?
Basir, F. A. M., Roslan, A., Fadzly, F. F., Arifin, A. M., & Yusoff, N. D. (2023). Factors influencing ethical behavioral intention among takaful agents. Information Management and Business Review, 15(1), 131-139.
Bello, M. A., Kurfi, A. K., Bello, G. B., & Yadudu, M. A. (2024). intention of farmers to use takaful for agricultural risk management in North–Western Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Management Sciences, 5(1), 1-21.
BenSaid, Y. R., & Quttainah, M. A. (2024). The determinants of takaful insurance financial stability: The moderating role of shari’ah supervisory board. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 00(0), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-11-2023-0392
Beshir, H. A., Alhabshi, S. M., & Zakariyah, H. (2023). The potential of micro-takaful in improving financial inclusion among low-income households in Ethiopia. Journal of Islamic Finance, 12(2), 30-47.
Elhiraika, A., & Abu Ismail, K. (2011). Financial sector policy and poverty reduction in Sudan. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Retrieved from http://erf.org.eg/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/0411_final.pdf
Fauzi, P. N. F. N. M., & Irrisya, A. (2022). Protection of housing and home contents: The understanding and application of microtakaful scheme in Malaysia. Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Built Environment and Engineering 2022, . Putrajaya, Malaysia, 17-19 October 2022.
Fikri, S. M., Naim, A. M., Maamor, S., Isa, M. Y., Ahmad, S. N., Shari, W., & Muhamed, N. A. (2022). Rules and regulations review on micro-takaful scheme development in Malaysia. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 14(4), 509-525.
https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-02-2021-0030
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2015). Sudan plan of action (2015-2019) - Summary.
Frank, D., Prabhu, S., Bai, V., Birau, R., Filip, R. D., Nioata, R.-M., & Lupu, G. A. M. (2024). Takaful Islamic insurance for life: Appraisal on the relevance of takaful models on financial markets behaviour. Revista de ?tiin?e Politice. Revue des Sciences Politiques, 81, 145-153.
Gönülal, S. O. (Ed.) (2013). Takaful and mutual insurance: Alternative approaches to managing risks. Washington DC: The World Bank.
Haroun, A. E., & Yusoff, M. E. b. (2019). Micro-takaful as stimulus for financial inclusion: A key component towards sustainable development. Open International Journal of Informatics (OIJI), 7(2), 43-55.
Hashim, N. S. B. (2023). The acceptance of micro-takaful among B40 in Malaysia: A study on urban B40. (Masters Dissertation), Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok.
Ibrahim, B. (2014). Micro-takaful- a guarantee for microfinance in Sudan. Takaful &Mutuality Journal, 3, 16–17.
Kamal, A., Ahmadun, M., Abidin, M. S. Z., Hasan, N., & Ahmad, N. F. G. (2023). Methodology of informant determination for the elderly micro takaful study. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 12(2), 228-241. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJAREMS/v12-i2/17081
Maduku, D. K., & Mbeya, S. (2023). Understanding family takaful purchase behaviour: The roles of religious obligation and gender. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 00(0), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-023-00213-z
Mikail, S., Ahmad, A., & Adekunle, S. (2017). Utilisation of zak?h and waqf fund in micro-tak?ful models in Malaysia: an exploratory study. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 9(1), 100–105. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-07-2017-010
Mohamad, A., Zainalabidin, N., & Zulkepli, J. (2019). Causal loop diagram of micro-takaful model with the Integration of zakat and waqf. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 1(7), 298–299.
Naim, A. M., Maamor, S., Muhamed, N. A., Isa, M. Y., Sofi, M. F., Shari, W., & Ahmad, S. N. (2020). Suitable takaful plan and distribution channel for B40. Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia.
Nicmanis, M. (2024). Reflexive content analysis: An approach to qualitative data analysis, reduction, and description. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 23, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069241236603
Patel, S. (2004). Takaful and poverty alleviation: Establishing micro-takaful products. ICMF Takaful. Retrieved from
http://www.takaful.coop/index.php?option=com_content&view=article &id=82&Itemid=67
Razak, A. A., Muhammad, F., Hussin, M. Y. M., Ramdan, M. R., & Hadi, F. S. A. (2018). Applying Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour on the participation of micro-entrepreneurs in micro-takaful. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(11), 1666–1679. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i11/5340
Rom, N. A. M., & Rahman, Z. A. (2012). Financial protection for the poor in Malaysia: Role of zakah and micro-takaf. Journal of King Abdulaziz University Islamic Economics, 25(1), 119-140. https://doi.org/10.4197/Islec.25-1.5
Rom, N. A. M., & Rahman, Z. A. (2014). Reformation of Islamic insurance: Policymaking to ensure economic sustainability for the lower strata of society. Asian-African Journal of Economics and Econometrics, 14(1), 69-82.
Rusydiana, A. S., & Devi, A. (2017). Development strategy of microtakaful institutions: case study working group Indonesia. Etikonomi, 16(2), 265-278.
https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v16i2.5267
Salami, M. A., Tanrivermis, H., & Tanrivermis, Y. (2024). Evaluation of management soundness of takaful industry in selected countries. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(4), 945-962. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2023-0137
Salleh, F., Ghazali, P. L. B., Yazid, A. S., Daud, W. N. W., & Razak, R. A. (2018). Developing of Micro health takaful of affordable monthly payment for poor community in Malaysia. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 8(12), 1219-1227.
https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2018.812.1219.1227
Salleh, M., & Padzim, F. (2018). The prevalence of micro-takaful products in the eyes of Malaysian SMEs. International Academic Journal of Business Management Enterprises, 5(3), 54–56.
Sari, F. N., Rahayu, S., & Aldila, P. (2024). Analysis and visualization of patterned trends in Takaful scientific literature (Taáwun Value Spirit): Meta Synthesis Application. Islam in World Perspectives, 3(1), 16-36.
Sobol, I., & Tomasz, M. (2015). Islamic financial system in Sudan: Evolution and assessment. African Journal of Economic and Sustainable Development, 4(2), 109–124.
Sofiya, N., Nadzli, M., & Yahaya, M. H. (2023). Determinants of Micro-takaful adoption among consumers. Al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 30(2), 304–305.
Sudan Democracy First Group (SDFG). (2018). Banking system In Sudan: Political influence and personal interests breed corruption and lack of transparency.
Swartz, N. P., & Coetzer, P. (2010). Takaful: An Islamic insurance instrument. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 2(10), 333-339.
The World Bank. (2016). The dynamics of takaful market: Growth beyond 2016.
Wiedmaier-Pfister, M., & Chiew, H. L. (2017). Regulatory impact assessments: Microinsurance regulations in Peru and the Philippines. Retrieved from
http://www.impactinsurance.org/ sites/default/files/MP49.pdf
World Bank. (2019). Sudan Programmatic Poverty Assessment: Poverty and Inequality in Sudan 2009–2014. Washington, DC.
Yesuf, A. (2017). Islamic economics and finance in Sudan: An overview. Istanbul?: Research Center for Islamic Economics.
Yusoff, N. D., Roslan, A., & Arifin, A. M. (2020). Purchasing decision of micro-takaful among B40. International Journal of Business and Economy, 2(1), 56–68.
Zarfi, A. (2019). The integration of awqaf, zakat and crowdfunding in Islamic microfinance framework: Focus on Moroccan case. Researches & Applications Islamic Finance, 3(1), 43–57.
Haroun, A. E. M., & Yusoff, M. E. (2024). Micro-Takaful in Sudan: Aligning Regulatory Requirements with Market Needs. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(12), 1316–1325.
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
