Using the elements of the sustainable livelihood framework, this study aims to identify the impact of cultural tourism practices on residents' livelihoods. Also, this study describes research trends and gaps since 2007. The results showed that cultural tourism generally improved the economic and physical capital of destinations, promoted the development of cultural capital, increased the diversity of local livelihood and was therefore accepted by local participants. However, cultural tourism without proper management may have negative impacts, such as the grabbing and destruction of natural capital and interference with the values and social relations of participants, which may further result in damage to cultural heritages. In recent years, the concern about residents’ capacity building, distribution of benefits, and identity perceptions of local people have become more evident in a lot of studies.
Ahebwa, W. M., Aporu, J. P., & Nyakaana, J. B. (2016). Bridging community livelihoods and cultural conservation through tourism: Case study of Kabaka heritage trail in Uganda. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 16(2), 103-115.
Andriotis, K. (2005, June). The tourism life cycle: an overview of the Cretan case. In International Conference on Tourism Development and Planning, ATEI Patras (pp. 11-12).
Angeloni, S. (2013). Cultural tourism and well-being of the local population in Italy. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 8(3), 17-31.
Aporu, J. P., Mafabi, S., & Esemu, T. (2014). Inward Internationalization of Culture-Based Tourism, A Case of the Kabaka's Trail in Uganda. Transnational Corporations Review, 6(3), 273-289.
Brooks, C., Waterton, E., Saul, H., & Renzaho, A. (2023). Exploring the relationships between heritage tourism, sustainable community development and host communities’ health and wellbeing: A systematic review. PLoS One, 18(3), e0282319.
Deng, C., Wang, S., Liu, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, G., Li, W., & Liu, C. (2023). Evolution of livelihood vulnerability in rice terrace systems: Evidence from households in the Ziquejie terrace system in China. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7, 1031504.
DfID, U. K. (1999). Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. London: DFID, 445, 710.
?uki?, A., & Vukmirovi?, M. (2012). Creative cultural tourism as a tool in regional development. Technics Technologies Education Management, 7(4), 1768-1778.
Fraser, R. (2022). A museum in the taiga: heritage, ethnic tourism and museum-building amongst the Orochen in northeast China. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 17(5), 493-515.
Gao, J., & Wu, B. (2017). Revitalizing traditional villages through rural tourism: A case study of Yuanjia Village, Shaanxi Province, China. Tourism management, 63, 223-233.
Genet, A., & Kebede, M. (2022). Collections, local interactions, conservation and tourism aspects of monastic heritage sites in the Lake Tana region of Ethiopia: The case of Mandeba Medahinealem Monastery. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 12(3), 237-249.
Ghimire, D. K., Gautam, P., Karki, S. K., Ghimire, J., & Takagi, I. (2022). Small business and livelihood: A study of Pashupatinath UNESCO heritage site of Nepal. Sustainability, 15(1), 612.
Guo H., & Yang Y. (2020). Synthesis of research on sustainable rural tourism livelihoods(?????????????). Tourism Tribune(????), 35(9), 134–148.
Hua, H., Zhou, S., Ding, Z., & Pan, Y. (2018). The change mechanism of human-environment interactions from the perspective of contextualization: A case study of the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces as a World Cultural Heritage Site. Sustainability, 10(7), 2230.
Ioan-Franc, V., & I?toc, E. M. (2007). Cultural tourism and sustainable development. Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, 1(2007), 89.
Kausar, D. R., & Nishikawa, Y. (2010). Heritage tourism in rural areas: Challenges for improving socio-economic impacts. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 15(2), 195-213.
Lenaoa, M., & Saarinen, J. (2015). Integrated rural tourism as a tool for community tourism development: exploring culture and heritage projects in the North-East District of Botswana. South African Geographical Journal= Suid-Afrikaanse Geografiese Tydskrif, 97(2), 203-216.
Li, J., Stoffelen, A., Meijles, E., & Vanclay, F. (2023). Local people’s sense of place in heavily touristified protected areas: Contested place meanings around the Wulingyuan World Heritage Site, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 237, 104792.
Lin, P. S. S., & Lin, W. C. (2020). Rebuilding relocated tribal communities better via culture: Livelihood and social resilience for disaster risk reduction. Sustainability, 12(11), 4538.
Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Dupre, K., & McIlwaine, C. (2022). The impacts of world cultural heritage site designation and heritage tourism on community livelihoods: A Chinese case study. Tourism Management Perspectives, 43, 100994.
Lorenzen, R. P. (2015). Disintegration, formalisation or reinvention? Contemplating the future of Balinese irrigated rice societies. The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 16(2), 176-193.
Lwoga, N. B., & Asubisye, E. (2018). Effects of drought on cultural tourism: selected cases of Maasai tourism groups surrounding Tarangire National Park in Tanzania. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 16(3), 248-264.
Ma, X., Wang, R., Dai, M., & Ou, Y. (2021). The influence of culture on the sustainable livelihoods of households in rural tourism destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(8), 1235-1252.
Makandwa, G., de Klerk, S., & Saayman, A. (2023). Culturally-based community tourism ventures in Southern Africa and rural women entrepreneurs’ skills. Current Issues in Tourism, 26(8), 1268-1281.
Makwindi, N., & Ndlovu, J. (2022). Cultural and heritage tourism as an alternative rural livelihood diversification strategy for communities living adjacent to the Sehlabathebe National Park in Lesotho. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 11(2), 901-918.
Malijani, O. (2019). Towards community inclusion: Chongoni world heritage site and sustainable cultural tourism in Malawi. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 74(209), 35-41.
Mayuzumi, Y. (2022). Is meeting the needs of tourists through ethnic tourism sustainable? Focus on Bali, Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, 6(1), 423-451.
Milan, P. M. (2023). From social bonds to cultural identity. Changing meanings of Na dances in tourism context and heritage-making. Études mongoles et sibériennes, centrasiatiques et tibétaines, (54).
Munjal, P. G. (2019). Enhancing heritage tourism in small and medium towns by leveraging their cultural heritage, traditional knowledge and skills. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 11(1), 87-98.
Nocca, F. (2017). The role of cultural heritage in sustainable development: Multidimensional indicators as decision-making tool. Sustainability, 9(10), 1882.
Parnwell, M. J. (2013). Whale Worship and Tourism Development in the H?i An–DaNang Corridor, Vi?t Nam. South East Asia Research, 21(3), 475-496.
Qiu, Q., Zuo, Y., & Zhang, M. (2022). Intangible cultural heritage in tourism: Research review and investigation of future agenda. Land, 11(1), 139.
Quang, T. D., Dang, V. Q., Alang, T., & Nguyen, H. V. (2024). Can tourism enhance inclusitivity for indigenous peoples? Cham perspectives on tourism benefit sharing at living heritage sites in Vietnam. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 43(6), 959-984.
Ramaano, A. I. (2022). The potential role of cultural heritage resources in tourism and community development at Musina municipality, Limpopo province, South Africa. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, (ahead-of-print).
Ranasinghe, R., & Cheng, L. (2018). Tourism-induced mobilities and transformation of indigenous cultures: where is the Vedda community in Sri Lanka heading to?. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 16(5), 521-538.
Rashid, T. (2020). Local Community and Policy Maker Perspectives on Sustainable Livelihoods, Tourism, Environment, and Waste Management in Siem Reap/Angkor Cambodia. International Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 16(1), 1-37.
Rongna, A., & Sun, J. (2020). Integration and sustainability of tourism and traditional livelihood: A rhythmanalysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(3), 455-474.
Saluja, V., Anand, S., Kumar, H., & Peng, J. (2022). The perceived impact of tourism development and sustainable strategies for residents of Varkala, South India. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 10(2), 184-195.
Scoones, I. (1998). Sustainable rural livelihoods: a framework for analysis (Vol. 72, pp. 1-22). Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.
Shen, F., Hughey, K. F., & Simmons, D. G. (2008). Connecting the sustainable livelihoods approach and tourism: A review of the literature. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 15(1), 19-31.
Shen, J., & Chou, R. J. (2022). Rural revitalization of Xiamei: The development experiences of integrating tea tourism with ancient village preservation. Journal of Rural Studies, 90, 42-52.
Shen, J., Chou, R. J., Zhu, R., & Chen, S. H. (2022). Experience of community resilience in rural areas around heritage sites in Quanzhou under transition to a knowledge economy. Land, 11(12), 2155.
Shen, J., Huang, F. T., & Chou, R. J. (2021). Agricultural-heritage-oriented rural revitalization: experiences from the ancient tea town of xiping. Land, 10(9), 927.
Stoica, G. D., Andreiana, V. A., Duica, M. C., Stefan, M. C., Susanu, I. O., Coman, M. D., & Iancu, D. (2022). Perspectives for the development of sustainable cultural tourism. Sustainability, 14(9), 5678.
Su, M. M., Wall, G., & Wang, S. (2017). Yujiale fishing tourism and island development in Changshan Archipelago, Changdao, China. Island Studies Journal, 12(2), 127-142.
Su, M.M., Wall, G. & Xu, K., (2016a). Heritage tourism and livelihood sustainability of a resettled rural community: Mount Sanqingshan World Heritage Site, China. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(5), 735-757.
Su, M. M., Wall, G., & Xu, K., (2016b). Tourism-induced livelihood changes at mount Sanqingshan world heritage site, China. Environmental Management, 57, 1024-1040.
Talamini, G., & Tritto, A. (2020). Conserving a valley system: measuring the effectiveness of the Shaxi Rehabilitation Project and its potential as a model for the conservation of Chinese agricultural heritage. The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice, 11(2-3), 181-201.
Tao, T. C., & Wall, G., (2009a). A livelihood approach to sustainability. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 14(2), 137-152.
Tao, T. C., & Wall, G., (2009b). Tourism as a sustainable livelihood strategy. Tourism management, 30(1), 90-98.
Venter, M., & Lyon, S. (2015). 8 Configuring and Commoditizing the Archaeological Landscape: Heritage, Identity, and Tourism in the Tuxtla Mountains. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, 25(1), 74-82.
Woyesa, T. U., & Kumar, S. (2022). “Tree against hunger”: potential of enset-based culinary tourism for sustainable development in rural Ethiopia. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 12(4), 497-512.
Yang, L., Liu, M., Min, Q., & Li, W. (2018). Specialization or diversification? The situation and transition of households’ livelihood in agricultural heritage systems. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 16(6), 455-471.
Zhang, J., Xiong, K., Liu, Z., & He, L. (2022). Research progress and knowledge system of world heritage tourism: a bibliometric analysis. Heritage Science, 10(1), 42.
Zuo, D., Li, C., Lin, M., Chen, P., & Kong, X. (2022). Tourism, residents agent practice and traditional residential landscapes at a cultural heritage site: The case study of Hongcun village, China. Sustainability, 14(8), 4423.
Zhang, S., Aziz, F. A., & Bakar, N. A. A. (2024). A Review on the Impact of Cultural Tourism on the Sustainability of Residents’ Livelihood. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(11), 2998–3014.
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
