This study examined the evolving landscape of online learning in vocal music education. It focused on the interventions introduced in recent years. Recognising the educational significance of music, this study reviewed how online learning pedagogy addressed specific challenges inherent to vocal instruction. Its objectives were to identify dominant trends, key interventions, and derive insights from past studies. The methodology employed a review of past studies published from 2020. This study prioritised past studies that involved online learning on vocal music education. The findings indicated that online learning has enhanced accessibility, flexibility, and engagement in music education through interventions such as virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and multimedia resources. They have facilitated immersive experiences and provided tailored feedback. Thereby, they strengthened students' creative and technical capabilities. Nonetheless, traditional music educators encountered difficulties in adapting to digital platforms. It underscored the necessity for digital literacy and supportive infrastructures. The study suggested that while online learning offers significant advantages, a balanced integration of digital tools with traditional methodologies is essential. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of online learning on skill development and creative growth, as well as explore optimised online platforms for real-time musical collaboration. This study contributed to a deeper understanding of the potential and limitations of online learning in music education, advocating for an approach that harmonises technology with foundational instructional practices.
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