The intense review of literature shows that intellectual capital is considered as the basic fundamental strategic knowledge based resource for any kind of organization. The researchers argue that the knowledge based resources in organizations carry more than 75 % worth of any organization, as knowledge resources are the determinants of success in today’s world. Intellectual capital is essential for the success and well performance of firms but still there is lack of studies in the context of developing countries and more specifically in the context of SMEs. Therefore this study attempts to gather the findings of empirical studies that where conducted in intellectual capital perspective. The findings of the studies encouraged to conduct empirical research in developing countries from intellectual capital and SMEs perspective.
Acquaah, M. (2012). Social networking relationships, firms-specific managerial experience and firm performance in a transition economy: a comparative analysis of family owned and nonfamily firms. Research notes and commentaries. Strategic Management Journal, 33, 1215-1228.
Alipour, M. (2012). The effect of intellectual capital on firm performance: an investigation of Iran insurance companies. Measuring Business Excellence, 16(1), 53-66.
Alpkan, L., Bulut, C., Gunday, G., Ulusoy, G., & Kilic, K. (2010). Organizational support for intrapreneurship and its interaction with human capital to enhance innovative performance. Management Decision, 48(5), 732-755.
Appuhami, B. A. R. (2007). The impact of intellectual capital on investors’ capital gains on shares: an empirical investigation of Thai banking, finance & insurance sector. International Management Review, 3(2), 14-25.
Belkaoui, A. R. (2003). Intellectual capital and firm performance of US multinational firms. A study of the resource-based and stakeholder view. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 4(2), 215-226.
Bhartesh, K. R., & Bandyopadhyay, A. K. (2005). Intellectual capital: concept and its measurement. Finance India, 19(4), 1365-1374.
Bontis, N. (1998). Intellectual capital; an exploratory study that develops measures and models. Management Decision, MCB University Press, 36(2), 63-76.
Bontis, N. (1999b). Managing an organizational learning system! by aligning stocks and flows of knowledge; an empirical examination of intellectual capital, knowledge management and business performance. Management of Innovation and New Technology Research Centre, (86).
Bontis, N. (2001). Assessing knowledge assets: a review of the models used to measure intellectual capital. International Journal of Management Review, 3(1), 41-60.
Bontis, N., Keow, W. C. C., & Richardson, S. (2000). Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(1), 85-100.
Bruggen, A., Vergauwen, P., & Dao, M. (2009). Determinants of intellectual capital disclosure: evidence from Australia. Management Decision, 47(2), 233-245.
Bueno, E. Salmador, M. P., & Rodriguez, O. (2004). The role of social capital in today’s economy; empirical evidence and proposal of new model of intellectual capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5(4), 556-574.
Cabrita, M. D. R. & Vaz, J. L. (2006). Intellectual capital and value creation: evidencing in Portuguese banking industry. The Electronic Journal of knowledge Management, 4(1), 11-19.
Cabrita, M. D. R., & Bontis, N. (2008). Intellectual capital and business performance in the Portuguese banking industry. International Journal of Technology Management, 43(1-3), 212-237.
Cabrita, M. D. R., Vaz, J. L. D., & Bontis, N. (2007). Modelling the creation of value from intellectual capital: a Portuguese banking perspective. International Journal of Knowledge and Learning, 3(2/3), 266-280.
Calisir, F., Gumussoy, C. A., Bayraktaroglu, A. E., & Deniz, E. (2010). Intellectual capital in the quoted Turkish ITC sector. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(4), 537-553.
Calisir, F., Gumussoy, C. A., Cirit, F., & Bayraktaroglu, A. E. (2011). Intellectual capital in development and investment banks of Turkey. Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, January, 22-24.
Chan, K. H. (2009b). Impact of intellectual capital on organisational performance: an empirical study of companies in the Hang Seng Index (Part 1). The Learning Organization, 16(1), 22-39.
Chang, W. S., & Hsieh, J. J. (2011). Intellectual capital and value creation-Is innovation capital a missing link? International Journal of Business and Management, 6(2), 3-12.
Chen, M. C., Cheng, S. J., & Hwang, Y. (2005). An empirical investigation of the relationship between intellectual capital and firms’ market value and financial performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 6(2), 159-176.
Chen, Y. S. (2008). The positive effect of green intellectual capital on competitive advantages of firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 77(3), 271-286.
Chen, Y. S., Lin, M. J. J., & Chang, C. H. (2006). The influence of intellectual capital on new product development performance-the manufacturing companies of Taiwan as an example. Total Quality Management, 17(10), 1323-1339.
Chu, S. K. W., Chan, K. H., Wu, W. W. Y. (2011a). Charting intellectual capital performance of the gateway to China. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 12(2), 249-276.
Chu, S. K. W., Chan, K. H., Yu, K. Y., Ng, H. T. & Wong, W. K. (2011). An empirical study of the impact of intellectual capital on business performance. Journal of Information & Knowledge Management. Forthcoming, 1-24.
Clarke, M., Seng, D., Whiting, R. H. (2011). Intellectual capital and firm performance in Australia. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 12(4), 505-530.
Cohen, S., & Kaimenakis, N. (2007). Intellectual capital and corporate performance in knowledge-intensive SMEs. The Learning Organization, 14(3), 241-262.
Corcoles, Y. R. (2013). Intellectual capital management and reporting in European higher education institutions. Intangible Capital, 9(1), 1-19.
Dadashinasab, M., Sofian, S., Asgari, M., & Abbasi, M. (2012). The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Performance: a Study among Iranian automotive industry. J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(11), 11353-11360.
Diez, J. M., Ochoa, M. L., Prieto, M. B., & Santidrian, A. (2010). Intellectual capital and value creation in Spanish firms. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(3), 348-367.
Engstrom, T. E. J., Westnes, P., & Westnes, S.F. (2003). Evaluating intellectual capital in the hotel industry. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 4(3), 287-303.
Fatoki, O. O. (2011). The Impact of human, social and financial capital on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa. Journal of Social Science, 29(3), 193-204.
Firer, S., & Williams, S. M. (2003). Intellectual capital and traditional measures of corporate performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 4(3), 348-360.
Goh, P. C. (2005). Intellectual capital performance of commercial banks in Malaysia. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 6(3), 385-396.
Goh, P. C., & Lim, K. P. (2004). Disclosing intellectual capital in company annual reports: evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5(3), 500-510.
Hamehkhani, S., Boochani, K., & Barani, M. T. (2014). Analyzing the effects of intellectual capital on market value and financial performance of companies in the steel industry. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 4(1), 60-68.
Ibrahim, A. R., & Ngah, R. (2009). The relationship of intellectual capital, innovation and organizational performance: a preliminary study in Malaysian SMEs. International Journal of Management Innovation Systems, 1(1), 1943-1384.
Isaac, R. G., Herremans, I. M., & Kline, T. J. (2010). Intellectual capital management enablers: a structural equation modeling analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 93, 373.391.
Janosevic, S., & Dzenopoljac, V. (2012). An investigation of intellectual capital influence on financial performance of top Serbian exporters. Economika Preduzeca, Journal of Business and Economics Management, Special edition (7-8), 329-342.
Jansen, R. J. G., Curseu, P. L., Vermeulen, P. A. M., Geurts, J. L. A., & Geurts, P. (2011). Social capital as a decision aid in strategic decision-making in service organizations. Management Decision, 49(5), 734-747.
Jasour, J., Shagagi, F., & Rezazadeh, S. (2013). Impact of intellectual capital on financial performance in pharmaceutical industry in Iran. International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies, 1(1), 1-8.
Jorgensen, K.M. (2006). Conceptualising intellectual capital as language game and power. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 7(1), 78-92.
Joshi, M., Cahill, D., & Sidhu, J. (2010). Intellectual capital performance in the banking sector: An assessment of Australian owned banks. Journal of Human Resource Costing & Accounting, 14(2), 151-170.
Joshi, M., Cahill, D., Sidhu, J., & Kansal, M. (2013). Intellectual capital and financial performance: an evaluation of the Australian financial sector. Journal of Human Resource Costing & Accounting, 14(2), 264-285.
Kamath, G. B. (2007). The intellectual capital performance of Indian banking sector. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 8(1), 96-123.
Kehelwalatenna, S., & Premaratne, G. (2012). An empirical investigation on intellectual capital performance: evidence from banking sector. 1-15. Available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2157813.
Kehelwalatenna, S., & Premaratne, G. (2013). An empirical investigation into the behavior of intellectual capital. The IUP Journal of Knowledge Management, 11(1), 38-57.
Khalique, M. (2012). Impact of Intellectual Capital on the Organizational Performance of Selected Small and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia and Pakistan PhD Thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.
Khalique, M., & Isa, A. H. M. (2014). Intellectual capital in SMEs operating in boutique sector in Kuching, Malaysia. The IUP Journal of Management Research, 8(2), 17-28.
Khalique, M., Isa, A. H. b. M., & Shaari, J. A. N. b. (2013a). Intellectual capital management paradigm for Malaysian SMEs in Kuching Sarawak. Paper presented at the 3rd Annual International Conference on Business Strategy and Organizational Behaviour Hotel Fort Canning Singapore
Khalique, M., Isa, A. H. b. M., & Shaari, J. A. N. b. (2013b). Predicting the Impact of Intellectual Capital Management on the Performance of SMEs in Electronics Industry in Kuching, Sarawak. The IUP Journal of Knowledge Management, 11(4), 53-61.
Khalique, M., Shaari, J. A. N. b., Isa, A. H. M., & Samad, N. B. (2013). Impact of Intellectual Capital on the Organizational Performance of Islamic Banking Sector in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 5(2), 75-83.
Khalique, M., Shaari, J. A. N., & Isa, A. H. M. (2011). Relationship of intellectual capital with the organizational performance of commercial banks in Islamabad, Pakistan. Paper presented at; The 3rd SAICON, International Conference on Management, Business Ethics and Economics (ICMBEE). Pearl Continental Hotel Lahore, Pakistan.
Khalique, M., Shaari, J. A. N., & Isa, A. H. M. (2014). Determining the Influence of intellectual capital on the organizational performance of banking sector in Kelantan, Malaysia. International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 11(4).
Khalique, M., Shaari, J. A. N., Isa, A. H. M & Ageel, A. (2011). Relationship of intellectual capital with the organizational performance of pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(12), 1964-1969.
Khalique, M., Shaari, J. A. N., Isa, A. H. M & Ageel, A. (2011). Role of intellectual capital on the organizational performance of electrical and electronic SMEs in Pakistan. International Journal of Business Management, 6(9), 253-257.
Khan, F. A., Khan, R. A. G., Khan, M. A. (2012). Impact of intellectual capital on financial performance of banks in Pakistan: corporate restructuring and its effect on employee morale and performance. International Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences, 2(6), 22-30.
Komnenic, B., & Pokrajcic,D. (2012). Intellectual capital and corporate performance of MNCs in Serbia. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 13(1), 106-119.
Leaniz, P. M. G. D., & Bosque, I. R. D. (2013). Intellectual capital and relational capital: The role of sustainability in developing corporate reputation. Intangible Capital, 9(1), 262-280.
Lueg, R., Nedergaard, L., & Svendgaard, S. (2013). The use of intellectual capital as a competitive tool: a Danish case study. International Journal of Management, 30(1), 217-231.
Maditinos, D., Chatzoudes, D., Tsairidis, C., & Theriou, G. (2011). The impact of intellectual capital on firms’ market value and financial performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 12(1), 132-151.
Mani, M., & Sharma, E. (2012). A comparative analysis of human capital efficiency of public and private banks in India. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 3(1), 55-64.
Mavridis, D. G. (2004). The intellectual capital performance of the Japanese banking sector. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5(1), 92-115.
Mehralian, G., Rajabzadeh, A., Sadeh, M. R., & Rasekh, H. R. (2012). Intellectual capital and corporate performance in Iranian pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 13(1), 138-158.
Mondal , A., & Ghosh, S. K. (2012). Intellectual capital and financial performance of Indian banks. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 13(4), 515-530.
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266.
Pal, K., & Soriya, S. (2012). IC performance of Indian pharmaceutical and textile industry. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 13(1), 120-137.
Pena, (2002). Intellectual capital and business start-up success. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 3(2), 180-198.
Pierre, J. S., & Audet, J. (2011). Intangible assets and performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 12(2), 202-223.
Ramirez, Y. (2010). Intellectual capital models in Spanish public sector. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(2), 248-264.
Razafindrambinina, D., & Santoso, S. (2013). Intellectual capital impact on investment recommendations: evidence from Indonesia. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(12), 100-110.
Rezaian, A., & Naeiji, M. J. (2012). Strategic entrepreneurship and intellectual capital as determinants of organizational performance: empirical evidence from Iran steel industry. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 2(1), 3-16.
Rudez, H. N., & Mihalic, T. (2007). Intellectual capital in the hotel industry: a case study from Slovenia. Hospitality Management, 26, 188-199.
Saleh, N. M., Rahman, M. R. C. A., & Hassan, M. S. (2009). Ownership structure and intellectual capital performance in Malaysia. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance, 5(1), 1-29.
Salteh, H. M. Z., Nahandi, Y. B., Koushali, J. A. (2013). Studying the relationship between governmental ownership and intellectual capital performance. Trends in Social Science, 6(1), 100-108.
Sanchez, M. P., & Elena, S. (2006). Intellectual capital in universities improving transparency and internal management. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 7(4), 529-548.
Shaari, J. A. N., Khalique, M., & Isa, A. H. B. M. (2011). Ranking of public and domestic private sector commercial banks in Pakistan on the basis of intellectual capital performance. Khadim Ali Shah Bukhari Institute of Technology Business Journal, 4, 61-68.
Sharabati, A. A. A., Jawad, S. N., & Bontis, N. (2010). Intellectual capital and business performance in the pharmaceutical sector of Jordan. Management Decision, 48(1), 105-131.
Shih, K. H., Chang, C. J., & Lin, B. (2010). Assessing knowledge creation and intellectual capital in banking industry. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(1), 74-89.
Shiu, H. J. (2006). The application of the value added intellectual coefficient to measure corporate performance: evidence from technological firms. International Journal of Management, 23(2), 356-365.
Subramaniam, M. & Youndt, M. A. (2005). The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities. The Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 450-463.
Taliyang, S. M., Latif, R. A., & Mustafa, N. H. (2011). The determinants of intellectual capital disclosure among Malaysia listed companies. International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 4(3), 25-33.
Ting, I. W. K. & Lean, H. H. (2009). Intellectual capital performance of financial institutions in Malaysia. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 10(4), 588-599.
Warn, T. S., & Ratnam, S. N. (2010). Intellectual capital disclosure in company prospectuses: the Malaysia experience. International Journal of Business and Accountancy, 1(1), 32-46.
Winne, S. D., & Sels, L. (2010). Interrelationships between human capital, HRM and innovation in Belgian start-ups aiming at an innovation strategy. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(11), 1863-1883.
Yau, F. S., Chun, L. S., & Balaraman, R. (2009). Intellectual capital reporting and corporate characteristics of public-listed companies in Malaysia. Journal of Financial Reporting & Accounting, 7(1), 17-35.
Yi, A., & Davey, H. (2010). Intellectual capital disclosure in Chinese (mainland) companies. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(3), 326-347.
Yu, K. Y., Ng, H. T., Wong, W. K., Chu, K. W. S., & Chan, K. H. (2010). An empirical study of the impact of intellectual capital performance on business performance. The 7th International Conference on Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management & Organizational Learning, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
Copyright: © 2014 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
