International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

Evaluating Responsible Lending Framework Through Suitability and Affordability Assessment in Malaysia

Open access
The purpose of this study is to assess the Malaysian consumer credit industry's current responsible lending policy which includes banking, pawnbroking, hire-purchase, moneylending, credit sale, and cooperatives, as industries are regulated separately. This study employs a doctrinal legal research methodology and content analysis of primary and secondary sources of law, including the Financial Services Act 2013, the Moneylenders Act 1951, the Pawnbrokers Act 1972, the Hire Purchase Act 1967, the Consumer Protection (Credit Sale) Regulations Act 2017, the Cooperative Society Commission Act 1993, the Guideline on Responsible Financing and the Guideline on Credit Facility for Cooperatives. This study identifies an inconsistency in the Malaysian consumer credit industry's approach to responsible lending, as banking institutions supervised by the Central Bank of Malaysia are required to adhere to the GRF, while others are not legally required to conduct mandatory suitability and affordability assessments. To avoid the issue of inconsistency, this study proposes some recommendations which will assist policymakers in deliberating the most effective way to impose a duty and obligation on all credit providers to engage in responsible lending practices.
Abdullah, NurhidayahHanafi, H. (2007). A Comparative Approach of Money Lending Activities Practicedby The Financial Institution and “Ah Long” in Malaysia. Law Conference 2007, 257–267. http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/13509
Ahmed, H., & Ibrahim, I. R. (2018). Financial Consumer Protection Regime in Malaysia: Assessment of the Legal and Regulatory Framework. Journal of Consumer Policy, 41(2), 159–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-018-9369-0
Ahmed, Z. U., Ismail, I., Sohail, S. M., Tabsh, I., & Alias, H. (2010). Malaysian Consumers’ Credit Card Usage Behavior. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 22(4), 528–544.
Alzahari, S. Z. (2019). Determinants of Morgage Repayment Affordability Among Middle Income Household in Penang [Universiti Utara Malaysia]. In Universiti Utara Malaysia. https://etd.uum.edu.my/8689/2/s819973_01.pdf
Bank Negara Malaysia. (2012). Guidelines on Responsible Financing. 0–21.
Bank Negara Malaysia. (2014). Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2013(ENG). Bank Negara Malaysia, 1984(March), 1–135. available@www.bnm.gov.my
Bank Negara Malaysia. (2016). Responsible Lending Guidelines Ensures Borrowers ’ Affordability. Central Bank of Malaysia, 1–2.
www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=en_press&pg=en_press&ac=4253&lang=en
Cherednychenko, O. O., & Meindertsma, J. M. (2019). Irresponsible Lending in the Post-Crisis Era: Is the EU Consumer Credit Directive Fit for Its Purpose? Journal of Consumer Policy, 42(4), 483–519.
Christina Chia Law Chambers. (2016). Credit Sale vs Hire Purchase?: A Comparison. CCLC: The Legal Link. https://www.cclc.com.my/legallink/credit-sale-vs-hire-purchase-comparison/
Commission, T. E. (2002). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Harmonisation of the Laws, Regulation and Administrative Provisions of the Member States Concerning Credit for Consumers. Official Journal of the European Communities, 331 E, 200–248.
Cvjetanovic, M. (2000). Consumer Sovereignty?: The Australian Experience. 67–91.
FSB, F. S. B. (2011). Consumer Finance Protection with Particular Focus on Credit. Basel: Financial Stability Board, October.
German Federal Ministry for Economic Coorperation anf Development. (2011). A Stock-Taking of Strategies and Approaches among Development Agencies and Development Finance Institutions. Advancing Responsible Finance for Greater Development Impact.
Gumis, S., & Tan, P. (2021). Malaysia ’ s New Omnibus Financial Legislation. Skrine, June 2013, 1–4.
Ilias, I. @ I. (2018a). Enhancing Financial Consumer Protection in Consumer Credit Industry In Malaysia by Establishing a Single Regulatory Body. International Islamic University Malaysia.
Ilias, I. @ I. (2018b). Enhancing Financial Consumer Protection in Consumer Credit Industry in Malaysia by Estalishing A Single regulatory Body (Issue September).
Ilias, I. I., Hingun, M., Hassan, R., Kassim, S., & Abu Bakar, E. (2019). Tackling Responsible Lending Obligation in Malaysia?: A Diverse Approach. International Journal of Advance Scrience and Technology, 28(8), 314–321.
Ilyana Ilias, I., & Amin, N. (2016). A Study on the Financial Consumer Protection in Malaysia with Specific Reference to the Financial Services Act 2013. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 19, 1–13.
International Financial Consumer Protection Organisation. (2014). FinCoNet Report on Responsible Lending: Review of Supervisory Tools for Suitable Consumer Lending Practices. International Financial Consumer Protection Organisation (FinCoNet), July. http://www.finconet.org/FinCoNet-Responsible-Lending-2014.pdf
Isa, M. Y., Yahya, M., & Hussin, M. (2016). The Impact of BNM Guidelines on Household Loans on Commercial Bank and Islamic Bank Performances. 6(11), 377–387. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v6-i11/2406
Malbon, J. (2011). Consumer Credit and Banking. Project on Strengthening Technical Competency for Consumer Protection in ASEAN, December, 1–115.
Mckee, K., Lahaye, E., & Koning, A. (2011). Responsible Finance: Putting Principles to Work. CGAP Focus Note, 73(1), 1–16.
Micklitz, H.-W. (2015). Herd Behaviour and Third Party Impact as A Legal Concept: On Tulips, Pyramid Games, and Asset-Backed Securities. In S. Grundmann, F. Möslein, & K. Riesenhuber (Eds.), Contract governance: Dimensions in law and interdisciplinary research. OUP Oxford.
Micklitz, H. W. (2013). Herd Behaviour and Third Party Impact as A Legal Concept–On Tulips, Pyramid Games and Asset-Backed Securities. Contract Governance: Dimensions in Law and Interdisciplinary Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Forthcoming.
Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs. (2022). Consumer Protection. Official Portal Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs.
https://www.kpdnhep.gov.my/en/consumerism/consumer-rights/consumer-protection.html
Musa, M. A. (2015). The Role of Bank Negara Malaysia in Limiting Imprudent Consumption. Intellectual Discourse, 23, 475–494.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2011). G20 High-Level Principles on Financial Consumer Protection. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, October, 1–7. http://www.oecd.org/daf/fin/financial-markets/48892010.pdf
Parker, G. (1990). Getting and Spending: Credit and Debt in Britain. Avebury Aldershot.
Rahman, A. S. A. (2007). Development of Consumer Credit Laws in Malaysia. Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, 2(2), 68–75.
Ramsay, I. (2010). Regulation of Consumer Credit. In D. Howells, Geraint Whilhelmsson, Thomas Ramsay, Iain Kraft (Ed.), Handbook of research on international consumer law. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Saari, R. (2019). CCRIS and its Role in Promoting Financial Stability. Bank Negara Malaysia, August. https://www.bnm.gov.my/documents/20124/813312/STS-564-Rosnizam+Saari.pdf/561af9d9-de37-7620-96b2-7ac67e1ae223?t=1584092431751&download=true
Scott, C. (2010). Handbook of Research on International Consumer Law (G. G. Howells, I. Ramsay, & T. Wilhelmsson (eds.)). Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Sik, C. (2012). BNM Measures Taking Effect on Personal Loans. The Edge Financial Daily, 1–7.
Sivanandam, H., & Tan, R. (2019). Govt to Create Consumer Credit Law to Protect Borrowers. Star Online, July 23, 2019–2020.
https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/23/govt-to-create-consumer-credit-law-to-protect-borrowers
Suruhanjaya Koperasi Malaysia (SKM). (2009). Gp6?: Garis Panduan Mengenai Kemudahan Kredit oleh Koperasi. 51(1), 1–29.
The World Bank. (2012). Good Practices for Financial Consumer Protection. World Bank.
The World Bank. (2013). Responsibe Lending Overview of Reguatory Tools. THE WORLD BANK Washington, DC, October, 1–54.
The World Bank. (2017). Good Practices for Financial Consumer Protection. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Tuffin, J. (2009). Responsible lending laws: Essential Development or Overreaction. Queensland U. Tech. L. & Just. J., 9, 280–310.
World Bank Group. (2017). Financial Inclusion in Malaysia. Financial Inclusion in Malaysia, May.
In-Text Citation: (Rafie & Ilias, 2022)
To Cite this Article: Rafie, N. A. A., & Ilias, I. @ I. (2022). Evaluating Responsible Lending Framework Through Suitability and Affordability Assessment in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 12(6), 882– 906.