This review set out to synthesize and analyze the existing research on the relation between parenting style, emotional intelligence (EI) and social anxiety among adolescents. An extensive and systematic search across multiple databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science was performed. The keywords related to parenting styles, EI, and social anxiety were employed, resulting in the initial retrieval of over 90,000 articles. This paper focus on studies involving participants aged 10-18, with a particular emphasis on EI or social anxiety as outcome variables and parenting style as a predictor. Ultimately, 27 papers met the study requirements and were subjected to a critical appraisal examining the clarity of research questions, sample representativeness, research procedures, result analysis, and alignment with study objectives. The analysis revealed marked variation in the impact of parenting styles on EI across different cultural settings. Authoritative parenting consistently showed positive outcomes on adolescents' psychological flexibility and emotion regulation. In contrast, the authoritarian and indulgent/neglectful parenting styles were related to less adaptive behaviors regarding these domains. However, this association varied in non-Western contexts, with authoritarian parenting sometimes positively linked to EI. This critical evaluation of the parenting styles, with specific reference to EI and social anxiety, provides valuable insights into the intricate nature of adolescent development.
Abdollahi, A., Talib, M. A., Yaacob, S. N., & Ismail, Z. (2015). Emotional intelligence, hardiness, and smoking: protective factors among adolescents. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 25(1), 11-17.
Argyriou, E., Bakoyannis, G., & Tantaros, S. (2016). Parenting styles and trait emotional intelligence in adolescence. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 57(1), 42-49.
Bar-On, D. (2006). Tell your life story: Creating dialogue among Jews and Germans, Israelis and Palestinians. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press.
Baker, S. R., & Edelmann, R. J. (2002). Is social phobia related to lack of social skills? Duration of skill?related behaviours and ratings of behavioural adequacy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41(3), 243-257.
Batool, S. S., & Khalid, R. (2009). Low emotional intelligence: A risk factor for depression. Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society, 6(2), 65-72.
Bauld, R., & Brown, R. F. (2009). Stress, psychological distress, psychosocial factors, menopause symptoms and physical health in women. Maturitas, 62(2), 160-165.
Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43-88.
Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56–95.
Betts, L. R., Trueman, M., Chiverton, L., Stanbridge, A., & Stephens, J. (2013). Parental rearing style as a predictor of attachment and psychosocial adjustment during young adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30(6), 675–693.
Carleton, R. N., Collimore, K. C., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007). Social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation: Construct validity of the BFNE-II. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(1), 131-141.
Chan, T. W., & Koo, A. (2011). Parenting style and youth outcomes in the UK. European sociological review, 27(3), 385-399.
Cortés-Denia, D., El Ghoudani, K., Pulido-Martos, M., Alaoui, S., Luque-Reca, O., Ramos-Álvarez, M. M., Augusto-Landa, J. M., Zarhbouch, B., & Lopez-Zafra, E. (2020). Socioemotional Resources Account for Academic Adjustment in Moroccan Adolescents. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 1609.
Domínguez-García, E., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2018). The association between emotional intelligence and suicidal behavior: a systematic review. Front Psychol, 9.
Downey, L. A., Johnston, P. J., Hansen, K., Birney, J., & Stough, C. (2010). Investigating the mediating effects of emotional intelligence and coping on problem behaviours in adolescents. Australian Journal of Psychology, 62(1), 20-29.
Dró?d?, E., & Pokorski, M. (2007). Parental attitudes and social competence in adolescents. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 58(5), 175-184.
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Schaller, M., Carlo, G., & Miller, P. A. (1991). The relations of parental characteristics and practices to children’s vicarious emotional responding. Child Development, 62(6), 1393–1408.
Fernández-Berrocal, P., & Extremera, N. (2006). Emotional intelligence: A theoretical and empirical review of its first 15 years of history. Psicothema, 18, 7-12.
Floros, G. D., & Siomos, K. (2013). The relationship between optimal parenting, Internet addiction and motives for social networking in adolescence. Psychiatry research, 209(3), 529-534.
Furnham, A., & Cheng, H. Y. (2000). Perceived parental behaviour, self-esteem and happiness. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 35, 463-470.
Gardner, R. C. (1983). Learning another language: A true social psychological experiment. Journal of language and social psychology, 2(2-3-4), 219-239.
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence. why It can matter more than IQ. Blooms Berry.
Gupta, S. D., & Kumar, D. (2010). Psychological correlates of happiness. Indian Journal of Social Science Researches, 7(1), 60-64.
Heaven, P., & Ciarrochi, J. (2008). Parental styles, gender and the development of hope and self?esteem. European Journal of Personality: Published for the European Association of Personality Psychology, 22(8), 707-724.
Jan, S. U., Anwar, M. A., & Warraich, N. F. (2020). The relationship between emotional intelligence, library anxiety, and academic achievement among the university students. J. Librarianship Inform. Sci. 52, 237–248.
Kliewer, W., Fearnow, M. D., & Miller, P. A. (1996). Coping socialization in middle childhood: Tests of maternal and paternal influences. Child development, 67(5), 2339-2357.
Laible, D. J., & Carlo, G. (2004). The differential relations of maternal and paternal support and control to adolescent social competence, self-worth, and sympathy. Journal of adolescent research, 19(6), 759-782.
Lamborn, S. D., Mounts, N. S., Steinberg, L., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families. Child development, 62(5), 1049-1065.
Llorca-Mestre, A., Samper-García, P., Malonda-Vidal, E., & Cortés-Tomás, M. T. (2017). Parenting style and peer attachment as predictors of emotional instability in children. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 45(4), 677-694.
Lim, S. L., & Kim, J. H. (2005). Cognitive processing of emotional information in depression, panic, and somatoform disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(1), 50-61.
McElhaney, K. B., & Allen, J. P. (2001). Autonomy and adolescent social functioning: The moderating effect of risk. Child development, 72(1), 220-235.
Méndez-Aguado, C., Trigueros, R., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., Navarro-Gómez, N., Díaz-López, M. D. P., Fernández-Campoy, J. M., Gázquez-Hernández, J., & Carrión, J. (2020). An inclusive view of the disability of secondary school students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8922.
Milevsky, A., Schlechter, M., Netter, S., & Keehn, D. (2007). Maternal and paternal parenting styles in adolescents: Associations with self-esteem, depression and life-satisfaction. Journal of child and family studies, 16, 39-47.
Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L. D., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social development, 16(2), 361-388.
Padilla-Walker, L. M., Day, R. D., Dyer, W. J., & Black, B. C. (2013). “Keep on keeping on, even when it’s hard!” Predictors and outcomes of adolescent persistence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 33(4), 433-457.
Patock-Peckham, J. A., King, K. M., Morgan-Lopez, A. A., Ulloa, E. C., & Filson Moses, J. M. (2011). Gender-specific mediational links between parenting styles, parental monitoring, impulsiveness, drinking control, and alcohol-related problems. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 72(2), 247-258.
Petrides, K. V. (2021). Radix Intelligence: A new definition and integrative model of intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 169, 109784.
Schaffer, M., Clark, S., & Jeglic, E. L. (2009). The role of empathy and parenting style in the development of antisocial behaviors. Crime & Delinquency, 55(4), 586–599.
Sergi, V., Denis, J., & Langley, A. (2012). Opening up perspectives on plural leadership. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5(4), 403-407.
Sideridis, G. D., & Kafetsios, K. (2008). Perceived parental bonding, fear of failure and stress during class presentations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32, 119–130.
Sierra-Correa, P. C., & Kintz, J. R. C. (2015). Ecosystem-based adaptation for improving coastal planning for sea-level rise: A systematic review for mangrove coasts. Marine Policy, 51, 385-393.
Steinberg, L., Lamborn, S. D., Darling, N., Mounts, N. S., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1994). Over-time changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families. Child Development, 65, 754–770.
Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2005). Social interpretation bias and generalized social phobia: The influence of developmental experiences. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(6), 759-777.
Valiente, C., Fabes, R. A., Eisenberg, N., & Spinrad, T. L. (2004). The relations of parental expressivity and support to children's coping with daily stress. Journal of family Psychology, 18(1), 97-106.
Williams, K. E., Ciarrochi, J., & Heaven, P. C. L.(2012). Inflexible parents, inflexible kids: A 6-year longitudinal study of parenting style and the development of psychological flexibility in adolescents. Journal of youth and adolescence, 41, 1053-1066.
Yang, G., Ismail, N., Arshat, Z., & Azam, M. N. D. (2024). Parenting Style, Emotional Intelligence, and Social Anxiety among Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(10), 2689–2703.
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
