This study examines the factors influencing undergraduate students’ readiness for online learning. The unit of analysis was undergraduate students from the Higher Learning Institution X in Selangor. The online questionnaire was distributed and answered by 86 respondents. This questionnaire is divided into two main sections: demographic profiles and determinant factors to online learning. This study analysed the data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26. The output derived from SPSS is descriptive statistics to describe the characteristics of the sample, followed by multiple regression analysis. The significance of this study is to highlight the concern of the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) on readiness factor/s that could lead to the effectiveness of online learning in tertiary education in Malaysia.
Aboagye, E., Yawson, J. A., & Appiah, K. N. (2021). COVID-19 and E-learning: The challenges of students in tertiary institutions. Social Education Research, 1-8.
Adnan, M., & Anwar, K. (2020). Online Learning amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Students' Perspectives. Online Submission, 2(1), 45-51.
Al-Amin, M., Al Zubayer, A., Deb, B., & Hasan, M. (2021). Status of tertiary level online class in Bangladesh: students’ response on preparedness, participation and classroom activities. Heliyon, 7(1), e05943.
Alenezi, A. M. (2020). The Relationship of Students ‘emotional Intelligence and the Level of Their Readiness for Online Education: A Contextual Study on the Example of University Training in Saudi Arabia. ??????????? ? ?????, 22(4), 89-109.
Allo, M. D. G. (2020). Is the online learning good in the midst of Covid-19 Pandemic? The case of EFL learners. Jurnal Sinestesia, 10(1), 1-10.
Baticulon, R. E., Sy, J. J., Alberto, N. R. I., Baron, M. B. C., Mabulay, R. E. C., Rizada, L. G. T., & Reyes, J. C. B. (2021). Barriers to online learning in the time of COVID-19: A national survey of medical students in the Philippines. Medical science educator, 31(2), 615-626.
Bayanova, A. R., Kuznetsov, V. V., Merculova, L. V., Gorbunova, L. N., Pervozvanskaya, O. A., Shalamova, O. O., & Vorobyova, C. I. (2019). Student performance interrelation with gadget use at lessons. Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques, 7(3), 432-437.
Blauw, T. N. (2021). Schools, students and parents not ready for online learning – Suan Dusit Poll. Thai PBS World: The Latest Thai News in English, News Headlines, World News and News Broadcasts in Both Thai and English. We Bring Thailand to the World. https://www.thaipbsworld.com/schools-students-and-parents-not-ready-for-online-learning-suan-dusit-poll/
Bovermann, K., Weidlich, J., & Bastiaens, T. (2018). Online learning readiness and attitudes towards gaming in gamified online learning–a mixed methods case study. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(1), 1-17.
Chung, E., Subramaniam, G., & Dass, L. C. (2020). Online learning readiness among university students in Malaysia amidst COVID-19. Asian Journal of University Education, 16(2), 45-58.
Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2016). E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. john Wiley & sons.
Dhawan, S. (2020). Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. Journal of educational technology systems, 49(1), 5-22.
Doe, R., Castillo, M. S., & Musyoka, M. M. (2017). Assessing online readiness of students. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 20(1), 27-37.
El Hadef, S. (2021). The Implication of Online Learning on the Motivation of Students:(Students of University Mohammed First as a Case Study). International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies, 2(3), 12-22.
Eom, S. B., & Ashill, N. (2016). The determinants of students’ perceived learning outcomes and satisfaction in university online education: An update. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 14(2), 185-215.
Esra, M. E. S. E., & Sevilen, C. (2021). Factors influencing EFL students’ motivation in online learning: A qualitative case study. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 4(1), 11-22.
Forson, I. K., & Vuopala, E. (2019). Online learning readiness: perspective of students enrolled in distance education in Ghana. The online journal of distance education and e-learning, 7(4), 277-294.
Hall, M. (2011). A predictive validity study of the revised McVay readiness for online learning questionnaire. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 14(3).
Hao, Y. (2016). Middle school students' flipped learning readiness in foreign language classrooms: Exploring its relationship with personal characteristics and individual circumstances. Computers in Human Behavior, 59, 295-303.
Harahap, M., Pristiyono, P., Lubis, J., Ikhlash, M., & Anjar, A. (2021). Level of Satisfaction of Online Learning in Mediation Lecturer Competence on Learning Motivation. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(3), 3981-3990.
Harandi, S. R. (2015). Effects of e-learning on Students’ Motivation. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 181, 423-430.
Ilgaz, H., & Gulbahar, Y. (2015). A snapshot of online learners: e-Readiness, e-Satisfaction and expectations. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(2).
Kalkan, N. (2020). Investigation of E-Learning Readiness Levels of University Students Studying in Different Departments. African Educational Research Journal, 8(3), 533-539.
Landau, E. (2020). University lectures to go online until Dec 31, except for 5 groups. New Straits Times.
Kapasia, N., Paul, P., Roy, A., Saha, J., Zaveri, A., Mallick, R., & Chouhan, P. (2020). Impact of lockdown on learning status of undergraduate and postgraduate students during COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal, India. Children and youth services review, 116, 105194.
Karatas, K., & Arpaci, I. (2021). The role of self-directed learning, metacognition, and 21st century skills predicting the readiness for online learning. Contemporary Educational Technology, 13(3).
Kirmizi, O. (2015). The influence of learner readiness on student satisfaction and academic achievement in an online program at higher education. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 14(1), 133-142.
Lin, C. H., Zhang, Y., & Zheng, B. (2017). The roles of learning strategies and motivation in online language learning: A structural equation modeling analysis. Computers & Education, 113, 75-85.
Martin, F., Stamper, B., & Flowers, C. (2020). Examining Student Perception of Readiness for Online Learning: Importance and Confidence. Online Learning, 24(2), 38-58.
Mutalib, S. A., & Musairah, S. K. (2019). Thinking About Teaching and Learning: A Reflective Journey. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Future of ASEAN (ICoFA) 2017-Volume 1 (pp. 407-417). Springer, Singapore.
Muthuprasad, T., Aiswarya, S., Aditya, K. S., & Jha, G. K. (2021). Students’ perception and preference for online education in India during COVID-19 pandemic. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 3(1), 100101.
Putra, R. W. P. (2021). Improving the students’ motivation in learning English through Google Meet during the online learning. English Learning Innovation, 2(1), 35-42.
Rafidi, R. (2020). Address e-learning challenges, students urge. NST Online. Retrieved on July 10, 2021from https://www.nst.com.my/education/2020/06/603056/address-e-learning-challenges-students-urge.
Rahardjo, D., Lubis, D. P., & Harijati, I. S. (2016). Internet Access And Usage In Improving Students ‘self-Directed Learning In Indonesia Open University. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 17(2).
Raza, A., Usman, M., & Ali, M. (2022). Examining how and when Facebook intensive use shapes users’ online pro-social behaviors. Telematics and informatics, 67, 101753.
Rob. (2021). Gadgets Absolutely All Students Need In The Modern World. Mass News. https://www.massnews.com/gadgets-absolutely-all-students-need-in-the-modern-world/
Tang, Y. M., Chen, P. C., Law, K. M., Wu, C. H., Lau, Y. Y., Guan, J., & Ho, G. T. (2021). Comparative analysis of Student's live online learning readiness during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in the higher education sector. Computers & education, 168, 104211.
Topal, A. D. (2016). Examination of University Students' Level of Satisfaction and Readiness for E-Courses and the Relationship between Them. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 15(1), 7-23.
Widodo, S. F. A., Wibowo, Y. E., & Wagiran, W. (2020). Online learning readiness during the Covid-19 pandemic. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1700, No. 1, p. 012033). IOP Publishing.
Wijaya, T. T., Zhou, Y., Purnama, A., & Hermita, N. (2020). Indonesian students’ learning attitude towards online learning during the coronavirus pandemic. Psychology, Evaluation, and Technology in Educational Research, 3(1), 17-25.
Yilmaz, R. (2017). Exploring the role of e-learning readiness on student satisfaction and motivation in flipped classroom. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 251-260.
In-Text Citation: (Salamat et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Salamat, A. S. A., Karim, A.-F. M., Yusof, M. A. M., & Norri, M. F. (2022). Online Learning: Factors that Influence Undergraduate Students’ Readiness. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(9), 1558– 1579.
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
