This paper demonstrates an analysis of a systematic review based on the various past studies related to teacher practices on the implementation of communicative language teaching (CLT) via synchronous online learning. All the past studies are reviewed from 2015 to 2021 with the total of fifteen studies. This paper aims to review and highlight on the implementation of communicative language teaching (CLT) through synchronous online learning by the teachers that focusing on three major objectives which are how CLT is implemented via synchronous online learning, the challenges faced by teachers in conducting CLT via synchronous online learning, and the effectiveness of CLT via synchronous online learning. The findings indicate that various online platforms can be utilized in assisting teachers to implement CLT during synchronous online learning. The most used apps based on the past studies is Zoom Meeting and followed by Discord, Google Meet, Google Classroom, Webex, Youtube, WhatsApp and Email. Although there are various technologies and online platforms that have been advocated for the application of CLT via synchronous online learning, the problems and constraints still arose during the lesson for both teachers and students. For the teachers they had difficulties affiliated to the readiness in adapting e-learning, the accessibility to e-learning devices and classroom management issues. However, for the students the problems are related to their attention spans, difficulty to apprehend the task, limited access to direct interactive communication and limitation to online learning access. Apart from that, most of the teachers agree that implementing CLT through synchronous online learning brings more drawbacks and hinder them to achieve the teaching and learning objectives to the fullest.
Abdel-Salam, A. S. (2014). Exploring CLT Practices in Saudi International Schools. Online Submission.
Alawamleh, M., Al-Twait, L. M., & Al-Saht, G. R. (2020). The effect of online learning on communication between instructors and students during Covid-19 pandemic. Asian Education and Development Studies.
Alzamil, A. (2021). Teaching English Speaking Online versus Face-to-Face: Saudi Students’ Experience during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Volume, 12.
Anggraheni, D., Anandha, A., & TS, H. L. (2020). Enhancing English vocabulary using CLT method toward SLB D students via Zoom application as interactive learning media. ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal), 11(2).
Angelini, M. L., & GarcCa-Carbonell, A. (2019). Developing English Speaking Skills through Simulation-Based Instruction. Teaching English with Technology, 19(2), 3-20.
Ariani, S., & Tawali, T. (2021). Problems of Online Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic in Speaking For Professional Context Class. Jo-ELT (Journal of English Language Teaching) Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa & Seni Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris IKIP, 8(1), 32-37.
Babic, M. (2021). Teachers' Perspectives on Emergency Remote English Language Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic (Doctoral dissertation, University of Rijeka. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. Department of English Language and Literature).
Berns, M. (2005). Expanding on the Expanding Circle: where do WE go from here?. World Englishes, 24(1), 85-93.
Bhatia, V. K. (2019). World Englishes in professional communication. World Englishes, 38(1-2), 30-40.
Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by principles. An interactive approach to language pedagogy. New York: AW Longman.
Burkart, G., & Sheppard, K. (2004). Content ESL across the USA: A training packet. A descriptive study of content-ESL Practices. National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition.
Coskun, A. (2011). Investigation of the Application of Communicative Language Teaching in the English Language Classroom--A Case Study on Teachers' Attitudes in Turkey. Online submission, 2(1).
Finkelstein, J. E. (2006). Learning in real time: Synchronous teaching and learning online (Vol. 5). John Wiley & Sons.
Eisenchlas, S. (2010). Conceptualising communication in foreign language instruction. Babel, 44(2), 12-21.
Ellis, R. (2005). Instructed second language acquisition: A literature review. Wellington, Australia: Research Division, Ministry of Education.
Florez, M. C. (1999). Improving adult English language learners' speaking skills.
Hassan, K. I., & Gao, X. (2021). Communicative Language Teaching in Malaysian ESL Context: A Qualitative Exploration into In-service Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices. International Journal of TESOL Studies, 3(1), 58-73.
Huang, S. J., & Liu, H. F. (2004). Communicative language teaching in a multimedia language lab. English Language Teaching, 5(2), 94.
Huang, M., Shi, Y., & Yang, X. (2021). Emergency remote teaching of English as a foreign language during COVID-19: Perspectives from a university in China. IJERI: International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, (15), 400-418.
Hyder, K., Kwinn, A., Miazga, R., & Murray, M. (2007). Synchronous e-learning. The eLearning Guild.
Jansem, A. (2019). Teaching Practices and Knowledge Base of English as a Foreign Language Teachers' Communicative Language Teaching Implementation. International Education Studies, 12(7), 58-66.
Khan, K. S., Kunz, R., Kleijnen, J., & Antes, G. (2003). Five steps to conducting a systematic review. Journal of the royal society of medicine, 96(3), 118-121.
Kohnke, L., & Moorhouse, B. L. (2022). Facilitating synchronous online language learning through Zoom. Relc Journal, 53(1), 296-301.
Lee, S. C. N., & Ogawa, C. (2021). Online teaching self-efficacy—how English teachers feel during the Covid-19 pandemic. Indonesian Tesol J, 3, 1-17.
Lietzau, J. A., & Mann, B. J. (2009). Breaking out of the asynchronous box: Using web conferencing in distance learning. Journal of library & information services in distance learning, 3(3-4), 108-119.
Lin, C. H., & Zheng, B. (2015). Teaching practices and teacher perceptions in online world language courses. Journal of Online Learning Research, 1(3), 275-303.
Lindsay, C., & Knight, P. (2006). Learning and teaching English: A course for teachers (Vol. 11, No. 3). New York: Oxford University Press.
Lukas, B. A., & Yunus, M. M. (2021). ESL Teachers’ Challenges in Implementing E-learning during COVID-19. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 20(2), 330-348.
Mangaleswaran, S., & Aziz, A. A. (2019). The impact of the implementation of CLT on students’ speaking skills. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 9(4), p8814.
Marjanovic, O. (1999). Learning and teaching in a synchronous collaborative environment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 15(2), 129-138.
Mauranen, A. (2018). Second language acquisition, world Englishes, and English as a lingua franca (ELF). World Englishes, 37(1), 106-119.
Midkiff, S. F., & DaSilva, L. A. (2000). Leveraging the web for synchronous versus asynchronous distance learning. In International Conference on Engineering Education (Vol. 2000, pp. 14-18).
Ng, C. H. (2020). Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) through synchronous online teaching in English language preservice teacher education. International Journal of TESOL Studies, 2(2), 62-73.
Nordin, N., Embi, M. A., & Yunus, M. M. (2010). Mobile learning framework for lifelong learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7, 130-138.
Nunan, D. (1999). Second Language Teaching & Learning. Heinle & Heinle Publishers, 7625 Empire Dr., Florence, KY 41042-2978.
Park, Y. J., & Bonk, C. J. (2007). Is online life a breeze? A case study for promoting synchronous learning in a blended graduate course. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 3(3), 307-323.
Parker, M. A., & Martin, F. (2010). Using virtual classrooms: Student perceptions of features and characteristics in an online and a blended course. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 135-147.
Parrish, B. (2019). Teaching adult English language learners: A practical introduction. Cambridge University Press.
Rahman, M. M., Singh, M. K. M., & Pandian, A. (2018). Exploring ESL Teacher Beliefs and Classroom Practices of CLT: A Case Study. International Journal of Instruction, 11(1), 295-310.
Raissi, R., Nor, F. M., Aziz, M. A., & Saleh, Z. A. (2013). A comparison between students' and teachers' ideas regarding communicative language teaching implementation in Malaysian secondary schools: A qualitative survey. Journal of basic and applied scientific research, 3(4), 608-614.
Rodrigues, P. D., & Vethamani, M. E. (2015). The impact of online learning in the development of speaking skills. Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Education (JIRE), 5(1).
Safira, Y. F., Hadi, M. S., & Zaitun, Z. (2021). An Analysis of English Language Teaching Activities During Covid-19 Pandemic At Smp Purnama Jakarta. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 9(2), 212-219.
Sar?ta?, M. T., Yild?z, E., & SENEL, H. C. (2015). Examining the attitudes and intention to use synchronous distance learning technology among pre-service teachers: A qualitative perspective of technology acceptance model. American Journal of Educational Research, 3(10A), 17-25.
Sakui, K. (2004). Wearing two pairs of shoes: Language teaching in Japan. ELT journal, 58(2), 155-163.
Sarwar, H., Akhtar, H., Naeem, M. M., Khan, J. A., Waraich, K., Shabbir, S., & Khurshid, Z. (2020). Self-reported effectiveness of e-Learning classes during COVID-19 pandemic: A nation-wide survey of Pakistani undergraduate dentistry students. European journal of dentistry, 14(S 01), S34-S43.
Schullo S. (2004) What Are Synchronous Online Tools— How can they be used for teaching?. updated 2003 Nov,
http://helios.acomp.usf.edu/~shauna/Research_Web/supporting_website/What.htm, accessed 19 Nov 2004.
Teh, W. (2021). Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in the context of online learning: A literature review. International Journal of TESOL & Education, 1(2), 65-71.
Van Nguyen, L. (2010). Computer mediated collaborative learning within a communicative language teaching approach: A sociocultural perspective. The Asian EFL Journal Quarterly March 2010 Volume 12, Issue, 202.
Vanorsdale, C. (2017). Communicative Language Teaching in E-Learning: How Confident are the Instructors?. In E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (pp. 489-493). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
Yumnam, R. (2021). E-learning: An effective mode of teaching English as a Second Language. Journal of Translation and Language Studies, 2(2), 1-9.
In-Text Citation: (Kamiri & Aziz, 2022)
To Cite this Article: Kamiri, A. A., & Aziz, A. A. (2022). Teachers Practices on the Implementation of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Through Synchronous Online Learning: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(9), 733– 750.
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
