There have been 35,737 fatalities and 4,544,626 confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Malaysia as of June 2022. Based on previous study, Covid-19 patients who have comorbidity are likely to have increased risk of fatality. In this regard, the present study is designed to collect preliminary data that prove the potential relationship between comorbidity and Covid-19 fatality in Malaysia. The data was extracted from Covid-19 official website (COVIDNOW) using Microsoft Excel. These comprises of number of deaths, number of cases, age, gender, and country of origin and any coexisting conditions. Results show that among 471 deceased of Covid-19 patients, 22.5% of them had no comorbidity while 77.5% of the mortality had comorbidities. This is led by hypertension as the top one (52.23%), followed by diabetes (36.73 %) and heart disease (15.71 %). This study highlights the potential link between comorbidity status and deceased Covid-19 patients in Malaysia. However, further in-dept research is still necessary to thoroughly understand the link between these two variables. These data signal the importance of proper Covid-19 management among patients with comorbidity.
Batlle, D., Soler, M. J., Sparks, M. A., Hiremath, S., South, A. M., Welling, P. A., & Swaminathan, S. (2020). Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Emerging Evidence of a Distinct Pathophysiology. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology?: JASN, 31(7), 1380–1383. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2020040419
Choi, Y. J., Park, J.-Y., Lee, H. S., Suh, J., Song, J. Y., Byun, M.-K., Cho, J. H., Kim, H. J., & Park, H. J. (2021). Variable effects of underlying diseases on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19. PloS One, 16(7), e0254258. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254258
Dadson, P., Tetteh, C. D., Rebelos, E., Badeau, R. M., & Moczulski, D. (2020). Underlying Kidney Diseases and Complications for COVID-19: A Review. Frontiers in Medicine, 7, 600144. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.600144
Elengoe, A. (2020). COVID-19 Outbreak in Malaysia. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 11(3), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.3.08
Fadini, G. P., Morieri, M. L., Boscari, F., Fioretto, P., Maran, A., Busetto, L., Bonora, B. M., Selmin, E., Arcidiacono, G., Pinelli, S., Farnia, F., Falaguasta, D., Russo, L., Voltan, G., Mazzocut, S., Costantini, G., Ghirardini, F., Tresso, S., Cattelan, A. M., … Vettor, R. (2020). Newly-diagnosed diabetes and admission hyperglycemia predict COVID-19 severity by aggravating respiratory deterioration. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 168, 108374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108374
Gao, Y., Ding, M., Dong, X., Zhang, J., Azkur, K. A., Azkur, D., Gan, H., Sun, Y., Fu, W., Li, W., Liang, H., Cao, Y., Yan, Q., Cao, C., Gao, H., Brüggen, M.-C., van de Veen, W., Sokolowska, M., Akdis, M., & Akdis, C. A. (2021). Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients: A review. Allergy, 76(2), 428–455. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14657
Hoffman, E. N., Kawachi, H., Hirayama, A., Zhang, J., Murayama, A., Masui, J., Fujita, S., Mori, Y., Hirayama, T., Ohara, T., Asada, R., & Iso, H. (2021). Factors associated with prolonged duration of viral clearance in non-severe SARS-CoV-2 patients in Osaka, Japan. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 26(1), 115. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-021-01035-y
Lim, P. Y., Md Said, S., Kadir Shahar, H., Azman, A. Z. F., Mokhtar, S. A., & Mahmud, A. (2022). COVID-19 Inpatient Deaths and Brought-in-Dead Cases in Malaysia. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 872838. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.872838
Mustapha, F., Omar, Z., Mihat, O., Noh, M. K., Hassan, N., Abu Bakar, R., Abd Manan, A., Ismail, F., Jabbar, N., Muhamad, Y., Rahman, L. A., Majid, F. A., Shahrir, S., Ahmad, E., Davey, T., & Allotey, P. (2014). Addressing non-communicable diseases in Malaysia: an integrative process of systems and community. BMC Public Health, 14 Suppl 2(Suppl 2), S4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-S2-S4
Olatona, F. A., Onabanjo, O. O., Ugbaja, R. N., Nnoaham, K. E., & Adelekan, D. A. (2018). Dietary habits and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases in a university undergraduate population. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 37(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-018-0152-2
Sanyaolu, A., Okorie, C., Marinkovic, A., Patidar, R., Younis, K., Desai, P., Hosein, Z., Padda, I., Mangat, J., & Altaf, M. (2020). Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19. SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, 2(8), 1069–1076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00363-4
Sato, K., Sinclair, J. E., Sadeghirad, H., Fraser, J. F., Short, K. R., & Kulasinghe, A. (2021). Cardiovascular disease in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical & Translational Immunology, 10(9), e1343. https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1343
Sharma, A., Garcia, G. J., Wang, Y., Plummer, J. T., Morizono, K., Arumugaswami, V., & Svendsen, C. N. (2020). Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes Are Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cell Reports. Medicine, 1(4), 100052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100052
Siripanthong, B., Nazarian, S., Muser, D., Deo, R., Santangeli, P., Khanji, M. Y., Cooper, L. T. J., & Chahal, C. A. A. (2020). Recognizing COVID-19-related myocarditis: The possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management. Heart Rhythm, 17(9), 1463–1471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.001
Subbaram, K., Ali, P. S. S., & Ali, S. (2022). Enhanced endocytosis elevated virulence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 due to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Gene Reports, 26, 101495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101495
Tan, L., Ganapathy, S. S., Chan, Y. M., Alias, N., Nasaruddin, N. H., Khaw, W.-F., & Omar, A. (2022). Estimating the COVID-19 mortality burden over two full years of the pandemic in Malaysia. The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific, 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100456
Valderas, J. M., Starfield, B., Sibbald, B., Salisbury, C., & Roland, M. (2009). Defining comorbidity: implications for understanding health and health services. Annals of Family Medicine, 7(4), 357–363. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.983
Wang, X., Zhang, H., Du, H., Ma, R., Nan, Y., & Zhang, T. (2021). Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Patients with Hypertension. The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien Des Maladies Infectieuses et de La Microbiologie Medicale, 2021, 5515941. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5515941
Zimmermann, P., & Curtis, N. (2021). Why is COVID-19 less severe in children? A review of the proposed mechanisms underlying the age-related difference in severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 106(5), 429–439. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-320338.
In-Text Citation: (Roslan et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Roslan, M. N. F., Ismail, W. I., Zamzuri, A. S., Ismail, N. F., & Raidil, N. A. N. A. (2022). Comorbidity Status of Deceased of Covid-19 Patients in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(10), 2262– 2263.
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode