A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to investigate the factors contributing to student dropouts and their economic impact in the post-Covid-19 pandemic era. This article explores specific themes through 21 different articles. The articles have been found through two databases, namely SCOPUS and Web of Science. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) technique was administered as a guide for systematic reviews and data collection and subsequently used in the implementation of the study. Studies published between the years 2020 and 2024 were considered for this systematic review. The findings of the study reveal four factors contributing to student dropouts during the post-pandemic era. Meanwhile, this study also identified two themes from the economic impact of student dropouts during the post-pandemic era. Thus, several strategies have also been proposed, such as the granting of government financial aid, the establishment of guidance and counseling units, free health screening services, organizing workshops and religious societies, enhancing the role of parents, improving the relationship between instructors and students, providing incentives, organizing mentor-mentee programs, providing public transportation, and the construction of conducive dormitories and safe roads to overcome the issue of student dropouts as a result of the above factors.
Aina, C., Baici, E., Casalone, G., & Pastore, F. (2022). The determinants of university dropout: A review of the socio-economic literature. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 79:e 101102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2021.101102
Banaag, R. A., Sumodevilla, J. L. C., & Potane, J. D. (2024). Factors Affecting Student Drop-Out Behavior: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Educational Management and Innovation, 5(1), 53-70. https://doi.org/10.12928/ijemi.v5i1.9396
Bayon-Calvo, S., Corrales-Herrero, H., & Witte, K. D. (2020). Assessing regional performance against early school leaving in Spain. International Journal of Educational Research, 99:e101515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.101515
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Castro-Montoya, B. A., Lopera-Gomez, M. A. F., Manrique-Hernandez, R. D., Gonzales-Gomez, D. (2021). A competing dropout and graduation risk survival analysis of undergraduate students at a private university in Medellin (Columbia). University education, 14(1), 81-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-50062021000100081
Coussement, K., Phan, M., Caigny, A. D., Benoit, D. R., & Raes, A. (2020). Predicting student dropout in subscription-based online learning environments: The beneficial impact of the logit leaf model. Decision Support Systems, 135:e113325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2020.113325
Esteban, M., Bernardo, A., Tuero, E., Cervero, A., Casanova, J. (2017). Variables that influence academic performance and university persistence. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 10(2), 75-81. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.ejeps.2017.07.003
Ferrandiz, D. A. (2021). Analysis of university dropout in Spain: a bibliometric study. Publicaciones, 51(2), 265-285. https://doi.org/10.30827/publicaciones.v51i2.23843
Fior, C. A., Polydoro, S. A. J., Pelisson, A. M. S., Dantas, A., Martins, M. J., Almeida, L. D. S. (2022). Impact of Self-Efficacy And Academic Performance In The Dropout Of Higher Education Students. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, 26:e235218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-35392022235218T
Flees, J., & O’Shea, J. (2021). Crossing the Finish Line: Increasing Degree Completion for Students Who Have Stopped Out. Journal of Postsecondary Student Success, 1(1), 136-147. doi: 10.33099/fsop_jpss129109
Gallegos, J. A., Campos, N. A., Canales, K. A., & Gonzales, E. N. (2018). Determining Factors of University Dropout: A Case of the Faculty of Economy and Administration Sciences of the Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception (Chile). Formacion universitaria, 11(3), 11-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-50062018000300011
Glaesser, D., Holl, C., Malinka, J., McCullagh, L., Meissner, L., Harth. N. S., Machunsky, M., & Mitte, K. (2023). Examining the association between social context and disengagement: Individual and classroom factors in two samples of at-risk students. Social Psychology of Education, 27, 115-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09829-4
Gurevitch, J., Koricheva, J., Nakagawa, S., & Stewart, G. (2018). Meta-analysis and the science of research systhesis. Nature, 555, 175-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature25753
Hanushek, E. A., & Woessmann, L. (2020). The Economic Impacts of Learning Losses. Retrieved from https://hanushek.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/publications/The%20Economic%20Impacts%20of%20Learning%20Losses_final_v1.pdf (7 Sep, 2024)
Heredia, R. C. R., & Carcausto-Calla, W. (2024). Factors Associated with Student Dropout in Latin American Universities: Scoping Review. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 14(2), 62-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2024-0026
Islam, M. M., Shaheen, S. M., Roy, R. K., Islam, M., & Hossain, M. D. (2023). Pandemic-Led Challenges for Rural Students in Bangladesh. IAFOR Journal of Education: Studies in Education, 11(3), 113-136.
Juneja, N. (2001). Primary education for all in the City of Mumbai, India: the challenge set by local actors. International Institute for Education Planning UNESCO. Retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000124839/PDF/124839eng.pdf.multi
Khan, M. J., & Ahmed, J. (2021). Child education in the time of pandemic: Learning loss and dropout. Children and Youth Services Review, 127:e106065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106065
Khurram, F., Hossain, M, O., Korobi, F. T. J., Khan. M., Talukder, M. U., Nath, C .D., & Talukder, A. (2023). Understanding School Dropout and Its Impact on the Community in the Khulna Region of Bangladesh. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 11(11), 582-596. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2023.1111038
Koc, M., Zorbaz, O., & Demirtas-Zorbaz, S. (2020). Has the ship sailed? The causes and consequences of school dropout from an ecological viewpoint. Social Psychology of Education, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-020-09568-w
Kreger, M., Cairoli, K. S., & Brindis, C. D. (2020). An Underpinning of School Inequities: Asthma Absences and Lost Revenue in California Schools. Journal of School Health, 90, 200-211. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12869
Latif, A., Choudhary, Al., & Hammayun, A. A. (2015). Economic Effects of Student Dropouts: A Comparative Study. Journal of Global Economics, 3(2), 1-4. doi: 10.4172/2375- 4389.1000137
Lim, I. (2021, December 5). Education Ministry: 21,316 students quit school during Covid-19 months of March 2020 to July 2021. Malay Mail. Retrieved from https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2021/12/05/education-ministry-21316-students-quit-school-during-covid-19-months-of-mar/2026057%3e
Martinez-Carrascal, J. A., Hlosta, M., & Sancho-Vinuesa, T. (2023). Using Survival Analysis to Identify Populations of Learners at Risk of Withdrawal: Conceptualization and Impact of Demographics. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 24(1), 1-21.
Nugroho, S. B. M. (2014). Pengaruh Pendidikan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Media Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 29(2), 195-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24856/mem.v29i2.229
Nurmalitasari., Long, Z. A., & Noor, M. F. (2023). Factors Influencing Dropout Students in Higher Education. Education Research International, 2, 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7704142
Okoli, C. (2015). A Guide to Conducting a Standalone Systematic Literature Review. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 37, 879-910. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.03743
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffman, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hrobjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., McGuinness, L. A., Stewart, L. A., Thomas, J., Tricco, A. C., Welch, V. A., Whilting, P., & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10, 89. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Pena-Vazquez, P., Morales, O. G., & Alvarez-Perez, P. R., &Lopez-Aguilar, D. (2023). Building the profile of students with the intention of dropping out of university studies. Revista Espanila de Pedagogia, 81(285), 291-315.
Rincon, A. G., Barragan, S., & Cala-Vitery, F. (2021). Rurality and Dropout in Virtual Higher Education Programmes in Colombia. Sustainability, 13:e4953. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094953
Rincon, A. G., Moreno, S. B., & Cala-Vitery, F. (2021). Rural Population and COIVD-19: A Model for Assessing the Economic Effects of Drop-out in Higher Education. Front. Educ, 6:e812114. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.812114
Samoila, M. E., & Vrabie, T. (2023). First-year seminars through the lens of Vincent Tion’s theories of student departure. A systematic review. Front. Educ, 8:e1205667. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2023.1205667
Santos-Villalba, M. J., Fernandez, M. J. A. D., Rueda, M. M., & Cerero, J. F. (2023). Incident factors in Andalusian university dropout: A qualitative approach from the perspective of higher education students. Front. Educ, 7:e1083773. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.1083773
Tsemato, B., Darza, D., & Berhanu, A. (2024). Student Dropout: The Case of Government Schools in South Ethiopia Region. International Journal of Religion, 5(6), 427-437. https://doi.org/10.61707/aq4eby38
Xavier, M., & Meneses, J. (2021). Persistence and time challenges in an open online university: a case study of the experiences of first?year learners. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 19(31). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00338-6
Jamaludin, Z. (2011). Kemiskinan dan Keciciran dalam Pendidikan. Jurnal Kebajikan Masyarakat, 37, 6-16.
Atat, M. L., & Majid, M. Z. A. (2024). Student Dropouts and their Economic Impact in the Post-Pandemic Era: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(9), 2142–2161.
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
