One of the challenges encountered by Malaysian SMEs is the high rate of workplace incidents. Thus, this study examined the direct relationship between management practices (employee involvement, training, management commitment, and communication and feedback) and four safety performance dimensions (safety compliance, safety participation, safety outcomes, and employee satisfaction) among 249 SMEs in Malaysia. In addition, the present study explored the role of proactive personality as a moderator of the mentioned relationships. Quantitative data were processed using structural equation modelling techniques through Partial Least Squares. The findings supported the hypothesized direct effects of employee involvement and training on safety compliance and participation, as well as communication and feedback on employee satisfaction. With regards to proactive personality, the study found it to moderate the relationship between communication and feedback and safety outcomes. In order to achieve optimal workplace safety, management should focus on the implementation of management practices and consider proactive personalities to improve the safety level in an organization. This paper recommends that business owners and managers increase the frequency of training for their employees and involve them in safety decision-making. The findings underscore the importance of fostering a comprehensive safety culture within the organization. SMEs should invest in robust and ongoing employee training programs that not only address core safety protocols but also emphasize the importance of active involvement in safety initiatives. Encourage a culture where employees feel empowered to contribute ideas and take ownership of safety practices. Recognize the diverse nature of your workforce by tailoring communication approaches based on individual characteristics, considering the moderating impact of a proactive personality. Implementing targeted communication strategies for different personality types can maximize engagement and understanding.
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