Organizations invest considerably in training and development programmes anticipating successful outcomes. An unsuccessful training is often associated with poor return on investment. An effective training focuses on two critical components, which are the design of the training, also known as training design factors comprising of perceived content validity and transfer design, as well as training transfer, but few of them focus on the context of academics in university. Thus, this preliminary study aims to expand training and development body of knowledge through the investigation of the relationships and influence of training design factors on training transfer. This quantitative, correlational research uses simple random sampling technique to determine the required sample size. This study involves a total of 100 academics who are working in a public, research university in Malaysia. The academics have previously attended a training programme organized by the university prior to participating in this study. Results show that both training design factors i.e., perceived content validity and transfer design are significantly related to but are not significantly influencing training transfer among the academics. It is highly recommended for future researchers to replicate this study with a bigger sample size and to include other variables related to training transfer as well.
Alvarez, K., Salas, E., & Garofano, C. M. (2004). An integrated model of training evaluation and effectiveness. Human Resource Development Review, 3(4), 385-416.
Arasanmi, C. N. (2019). Training effectiveness in an enterprise resource planning system environment. European Journal of Training and Development, 43(5), 476-489.
Baldwin, T. T., & Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel Psychology, 41(1), 63-105.
Baldwin, T. T., Ford, J. K., & Blume, B. D. (2009). Transfer of training 1988–2008: an updated review and agenda for future research. International review of industrial and organizational psychology, 24(1), 41-70.
Bhatti, A. M., & Kaur, S. (2010). The role of individual and training design factors on transfer of training. Journal of European Industrial Training, 34(7), 656-672.
Blume, B. D., Ford, J. K., Baldwin, T. T., & Huang, J. L. (2010). Transfer of training: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Management, 36(4), 1065-1105.
Blume, B. D., Ford, J. K., Surface, E. A., & Olenick, J. (2019). A dynamic model of transfer of training. Human Resource Management Review, 29(2), 270-283.
Burke, L. A., & Hutchins, H. M. (2008). A study of best practices in transfer of training and proposed model of transfer. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 19(2), 107-128.
Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J. A., & Noe, R. A. (2000). Toward an integrative theory of training motivation: a meta-analytic path analysis of 20 years of research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 678-707.
Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2013). Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 26(2), 43-71.
Facteau, J. D., Dobbins, G. H., Russell, J. E., Ladd, R. T., & Kudisch, J. D. (1995). The influence of general perceptions of the training environment on pretraining motivation and perceived transfer of training. Journal of Management, 21(1), 1-25.
Gist, M. E., Bavetta, A. G., & Stevens, C. K. (1990). Transfer training method: Its influence on skill generalization, skill repetition, and performance level. Personnel Psychology, 43(3), 501-523.
Goldstein, I. L., & Ford, J. K. (2002). Training in organizations: needs assessment, development, and evaluation. Wadsworth.
Green, S. B. (1991). How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26(3), 499-510.
Holton, E. F. III (1996). The flawed four-level evaluation model. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 7 (1), 5–25.
Holton III, E. F. (2005). Holton's evaluation model: New evidence and construct elaborations. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7(1), 37-54.
Holton III, E. F., Bates, R. A., & Ruona, W. E. (2000). Development of a generalized learning transfer system inventory. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 11(4), 333-360.
Kasim, R. S. R., & Ali, S. (2011). The influence of training design on transfer of training performance among support staff of higher education institution in Malaysia. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 2(5), 377.
Kim, J. H., & Lee, C. (2001). Implications of near and far transfer of training on structured on-the-job training. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 3(4), 442-451.
Kuchinke, K. P. (1995). Managing learning for performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 6(3), 307-316.
Lacerenza, C. N., Reyes, D. L., Marlow, S. L., Joseph, D. L., & Salas, E. (2017). Leadership training design, delivery, and implementation: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(12), 1-33.
Ladyshewsky, R. K., & Flavell, H. (2012). Transfer of training in an academic leadership development program for program coordinators. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 40(1), 127-147.
Leberman, S., McDonald, L., & Doyle, S. (2006). The transfer of learning: Participants’ perspectives of adult education and training. Gower.
Martins, L. B., Zerbini, T., & Medina, F. J. (2019). Impact of online training on behavioral transfer and job performance in a large organization. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 35(1), 27-37.
Nafukho, F. M., Alfred, M., Chakraborty, M., Johnson, M., & Cherrstrom, C. A. (2017). Predicting workplace transfer of learning: A study of adult learners enrolled in a continuing professional education training program. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(4), 327-353.
Na-Nan, K., & Sanamthong, E. (2019). Self-efficacy and employee job performance. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 37(1), 1-17.
Ng, K. H., & Ahmad, R. (2018). Personality traits, social support, and transfer of training: The mediating mechanism of motivation to improve work through learning. Personnel Review, 47(1), 39-59.
Noe, R. A. (2017). Employee training and development. McGraw-Hill.
Renta-Davids, A. I., Jimenez-Gonzalez, J. M., Fandos-Garrido, M., & Gonzalez-Soto, A. P. (2014). Transfer of learning: Motivation, training design and learning-conducive work effects. European Journal of Training and Development, 38(8), 728-744.
Sala, G., Aksayli, N. D., Tatlidil, K. S., Tatsumi, T., Gondo, Y., Gobet, F., ... & Verkoeijen, P. (2019). Near and far transfer in cognitive training: A second-order meta-analysis. Collabra: Psychology, 5(1), 1-22.
Salahuddin, S., Mehar, Q., & Kazi, H. (2020). Factors influencing transfer of training: Empirical evidence from public sector schools Hyderabad Pakistan. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 13(18), 1796-1802.
Sofo, F. (2007). Transfer of training: A case?study of outsourced training for staff from Bhutan. International Journal of Training and Development, 11(2), 103-120.
Tiruneh, D. T., Cock, D. M., Gu, X., & Elen, J. (2018). Systematic design of domain-specific instruction on near and far transfer of critical thinking skills. International Journal of Educational Research, 87, 1-11.
Tziner, A., Haccoun, R. R., & Kadish, A. (1991). Personal and situational characteristics influencing the effectiveness of transfer of training improvement strategies. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 64(2), 167-177.
Van Gramberg, B., & Baharim, S. B. (2005). The influence of knowledge sharing on transfer of training: A proposed research strategy.
Velada, R., Caetano, A., Michel, J. W., Lyons, B. D., & Kavanagh, M. J. (2007). The effects of training design, individual characteristics and work environment on transfer of training. International Journal of Training and Development, 11(4), 282-294.
Wei Tian, A., Cordery, J., & Gamble, J. (2016). Returning the favor: Positive employee responses to supervisor and peer support for transfer of training. International Journal of Training and Development, 20(1), 1-16.
Alvarez, K., Salas, E., & Garofano, C. M. (2004). An integrated model of training evaluation and effectiveness. Human Resource Development Review, 3(4), 385-416.
Arasanmi, C. N. (2019). Training effectiveness in an enterprise resource planning system environment. European Journal of Training and Development, 43(5), 476-489.
Baldwin, T. T., & Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel Psychology, 41(1), 63-105.
Baldwin, T. T., Ford, J. K., & Blume, B. D. (2009). Transfer of training 1988–2008: an updated review and agenda for future research. International review of industrial and organizational psychology, 24(1), 41-70.
Bhatti, A. M., & Kaur, S. (2010). The role of individual and training design factors on transfer of training. Journal of European Industrial Training, 34(7), 656-672.
Blume, B. D., Ford, J. K., Baldwin, T. T., & Huang, J. L. (2010). Transfer of training: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Management, 36(4), 1065-1105.
Blume, B. D., Ford, J. K., Surface, E. A., & Olenick, J. (2019). A dynamic model of transfer of training. Human Resource Management Review, 29(2), 270-283.
Burke, L. A., & Hutchins, H. M. (2008). A study of best practices in transfer of training and proposed model of transfer. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 19(2), 107-128.
Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J. A., & Noe, R. A. (2000). Toward an integrative theory of training motivation: a meta-analytic path analysis of 20 years of research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 678-707.
Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2013). Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 26(2), 43-71.
Facteau, J. D., Dobbins, G. H., Russell, J. E., Ladd, R. T., & Kudisch, J. D. (1995). The influence of general perceptions of the training environment on pretraining motivation and perceived transfer of training. Journal of Management, 21(1), 1-25.
Gist, M. E., Bavetta, A. G., & Stevens, C. K. (1990). Transfer training method: Its influence on skill generalization, skill repetition, and performance level. Personnel Psychology, 43(3), 501-523.
Goldstein, I. L., & Ford, J. K. (2002). Training in organizations: needs assessment, development, and evaluation. Wadsworth.
Green, S. B. (1991). How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26(3), 499-510.
Holton, E. F. III (1996). The flawed four-level evaluation model. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 7 (1), 5–25.
Holton III, E. F. (2005). Holton's evaluation model: New evidence and construct elaborations. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7(1), 37-54.
Holton III, E. F., Bates, R. A., & Ruona, W. E. (2000). Development of a generalized learning transfer system inventory. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 11(4), 333-360.
Kasim, R. S. R., & Ali, S. (2011). The influence of training design on transfer of training performance among support staff of higher education institution in Malaysia. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 2(5), 377.
Kim, J. H., & Lee, C. (2001). Implications of near and far transfer of training on structured on-the-job training. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 3(4), 442-451.
Kuchinke, K. P. (1995). Managing learning for performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 6(3), 307-316.
Lacerenza, C. N., Reyes, D. L., Marlow, S. L., Joseph, D. L., & Salas, E. (2017). Leadership training design, delivery, and implementation: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(12), 1-33.
Ladyshewsky, R. K., & Flavell, H. (2012). Transfer of training in an academic leadership development program for program coordinators. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 40(1), 127-147.
Leberman, S., McDonald, L., & Doyle, S. (2006). The transfer of learning: Participants’ perspectives of adult education and training. Gower.
Martins, L. B., Zerbini, T., & Medina, F. J. (2019). Impact of online training on behavioral transfer and job performance in a large organization. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 35(1), 27-37.
Nafukho, F. M., Alfred, M., Chakraborty, M., Johnson, M., & Cherrstrom, C. A. (2017). Predicting workplace transfer of learning: A study of adult learners enrolled in a continuing professional education training program. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(4), 327-353.
Na-Nan, K., & Sanamthong, E. (2019). Self-efficacy and employee job performance. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 37(1), 1-17.
Ng, K. H., & Ahmad, R. (2018). Personality traits, social support, and transfer of training: The mediating mechanism of motivation to improve work through learning. Personnel Review, 47(1), 39-59.
Noe, R. A. (2017). Employee training and development. McGraw-Hill.
Renta-Davids, A. I., Jimenez-Gonzalez, J. M., Fandos-Garrido, M., & Gonzalez-Soto, A. P. (2014). Transfer of learning: Motivation, training design and learning-conducive work effects. European Journal of Training and Development, 38(8), 728-744.
Sala, G., Aksayli, N. D., Tatlidil, K. S., Tatsumi, T., Gondo, Y., Gobet, F., ... & Verkoeijen, P. (2019). Near and far transfer in cognitive training: A second-order meta-analysis. Collabra: Psychology, 5(1), 1-22.
Salahuddin, S., Mehar, Q., & Kazi, H. (2020). Factors influencing transfer of training: Empirical evidence from public sector schools Hyderabad Pakistan. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 13(18), 1796-1802.
Sofo, F. (2007). Transfer of training: A case?study of outsourced training for staff from Bhutan. International Journal of Training and Development, 11(2), 103-120.
Tiruneh, D. T., Cock, D. M., Gu, X., & Elen, J. (2018). Systematic design of domain-specific instruction on near and far transfer of critical thinking skills. International Journal of Educational Research, 87, 1-11.
Tziner, A., Haccoun, R. R., & Kadish, A. (1991). Personal and situational characteristics influencing the effectiveness of transfer of training improvement strategies. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 64(2), 167-177.
Van Gramberg, B., & Baharim, S. B. (2005). The influence of knowledge sharing on transfer of training: A proposed research strategy.
Velada, R., Caetano, A., Michel, J. W., Lyons, B. D., & Kavanagh, M. J. (2007). The effects of training design, individual characteristics and work environment on transfer of training. International Journal of Training and Development, 11(4), 282-294.
Wei Tian, A., Cordery, J., & Gamble, J. (2016). Returning the favor: Positive employee responses to supervisor and peer support for transfer of training. International Journal of Training and Development, 20(1), 1-16.
In-Text Citation: (Zulkifly, 2022)
To Cite this Article: Zulkifly, N. A. (2022). The Influence of Training Design Factors on Training Transfer: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(12), 1194– 1203.
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