The current emphasis by government and private sectors on issues surrounding social concerns, sustainability, and community-mindedness has prominently trickled into education institutions. This paper proposes a perspective that they can be tapped with significant potential through a thoughtful process of addressing various groups of community needs under the right conditions. With many higher education institutions implementing community service as modules, there needs to be a deeper look at how community service outcomes can expand to a broader scope of community engagement through service learning and how this can influence student engagement. Additionally, to explore the conditions that could possibly make these modules or programs effective for not just social purpose outcomes and social consciousness but filling in gaps in personal development and employability expectations. With a look at past community projects and campaigns as well as students’ perceptions of the causes they create and follow through, the paper hopes to provide a practical framework for implications and considerations of the Service-Learning approach.
Arnold, W. W. (2017), Service and The Millennial Business Student: The Motivating Influence Of An E-Book Class Project, American Journal of Business Education – Second Quarter 2017, Volume 10, Number 2.S.
Anderson, A. K. (2005), Affective influences on the attentional dynamics supporting awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134, 258–281. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.134.2.258
Axelson, R. D., & Flick, A. (2011), Defining student engagement. Change: The Magazine of Higher SSLearning, 43, 38-43.
Baker, R., Saudi, N. S. M., Salleh, M. Z., Puzi, N. F. H. M., Rozali, Y. S. I., Liaw, J. O. H., & Mohamad, M. H. (2022). Factor influencing the marketability of graduate: A case study in Islamic Science University Malaysia (USIM). Zulfaqar Journal of Defence Management, Social Science & Humanities, 5(1).
Butin, D. W. (2006), The Limits of Service-Learning in Higher EducationThe Review of Higher Education Summer 2006, Volume 29, No. 4, pp. 473–498 Association for the Study of Higher Education All Rights Reserved (ISSN 0162-5748)
Butin, D. W. (2006). Special Issue: Introduction Future Directions for Service Learning in Higher Education. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 18(1), 1-4. Available at: http://scholarworks.merrimack.edu/soe_facpub/16
Brown, J. S. (2000), Growing up digital: How the web changes work, education and the ways people learn change, 32 (2), 10-20.
Bringle, R. G., and Hatcher J. A. (2004) Advancing civic engagement through service learning. In M. Langseth and W. M. Plater (eds) Public Work and the Academy: An Academic Administrator’s Guide to Civic Engagement and Service-Learning. Boston, MA: Anker Press.
Calvo, M. G., & Lang, P. J. (2004), Gaze patterns when looking at emotional pictures: Motivationally biased attention. Motivation and Emotion, 28, 221–243.
Collaço, C. M. (2017). Increasing student engagement in higher education. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 17(4), 40-47.
Chandler, J. (2015). Volunteer Trends. Retrieved from https://www.councilofnonprofits.org/thought-leadership/volunteer-trends
Chong, J., and Paul, A. (2015), Tuning into Gen Y Learners: The Engagement Catalyst; GSE E-Journal of Education, Vol 3 2015, E-ISSN: 2289-6880.
Crabtree , D. , & Sapp , R. D. ( 2002 ). A laboratory in citizenship: Service-learning in the technical communication classroom . Technical Communication Quarterly , 11 , 411 – 431 . [Taylor & Francis Online], [Google Scholar]
CBI. (2011). Building for Growth: Business Priorities for Education and Skills. London: CBI
Deely, S. J. (2014). Summative co-assessment: A deep learning approach to enhancing employability skills and attributes. Active Learning in Higher Education Vol. 15(1) 39– 51
Delialioglu, O. (2012). Student engagement in blended learning environments with lecture-based and problem-based instructional approaches. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 15(3), 310-322.
Gafoor, K. A. (2012). Considerations in the Measurement of Awareness. Online Submission.
Gallini, Sarah and Barbara Moely (2003). Service-Learning and Engagement, Academic Challenge, and Retention. Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, Fall, pp. 5-14.
Giles Jr, D. E., & Eyler, J. (1994). The theoretical roots of service-learning in John Dewey: Toward a theory of service-learning. Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, 1(1), 7.
Goodman, S., & Tredway, G. (2016). Antecedents of perceived graduate employability: A study of student volunteers in a community-based organisation. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 42(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip. v42i1.1315
Guptan, V. P. (2015) . The role of Reflective Learning, Service Learning and Social Impact in the sustainability of Malaysian, Thesis, DBA, University Utara Malaysia.
Hatcher, J. A., Bringle, R. G. (1997). Reflection: Bridging the gap between service and learning. College Teaching 45:153–158
Hart, A., & Northmore, S. (2011). Sustaining community-university partnerships. International Journal of Community Research and Engagement, 4.
Harper, S. R., & Quaye, S. J. (Eds.). (2009), Student engagement in higher education: Theoretical perspectives and practical approaches for diverse populations. New York: Routledge.
Hinchliffe, G., and Jolly, A. (2011) Graduate identity and employability. British Educational Research Journal 37(4): 563–84
Hunter, M. S., & Moody, B. L. (2009). Civic engagement in the first college year. InB. Jacoby (Ed.), Civic engagement in higher education: Concepts and practices
(pp. 69–84). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Jarvis, P. (2010) Adult Education and Lifelong Learning, 4th edn. London: Routledge.
Jacoby, B. (2009). Civic engagement in today’s higher education. In B. Jacoby (Ed.), Civic
engagement in higher education: Concepts and practices (pp. 5–30). San Francisco, CA:
Jossey-Bass.
Jacoby, B., & Brown, N. C. (2009). Preparing students for global civic engagement. In
B. Jacoby (Ed.), Civic engagement in higher education: Concepts and practices (pp. 213–
226). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Jenkin, M. (2015). Millennials want to work for employers committed to values and ethics. The Guardian, Sustainable Business Leadership section.
Jung, J. (2011) "Assessing learning from a student community engagement project", Education +Training, Vol. 53 Issue: 2/3, pp.155-165, https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911111115690
Kaifi, B. A., Nafei, W. A., Khanfar, N. M., & Kaifi, M. M. (2012). A multi-generational workforce: Managing and understanding millennials. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(24).
Kandlbinder, P. (2010). How To…Teach Gen Y Undergraduates.Herdsa News September, pages 28-31.
Kavatekar, S., and Vijaya, G. S. (2017), Student Engagement And Empowerment Through Pedagogical Approach – A Case Ofintegrating Curriculum With Community Service, Volume No. 8 (2017), Issue No. 11 (November).
aye, C. (2014). Transforming community service into service learning.
Kiely, R. (2005). Transformative international service-learning. Academic Exchange Quarterly,9( 1),275-281.
Knight, P. (2006) Assessing complex achievements. In: McNay I (ed.) Beyond Mass Higher Education. Maidenhead: Open University Press/SRHE/McGraw-Hill Education, pp. 96–104.
Kolb, D. A. (1984) Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Kuh, G. D., Kinzie, J., Cruce, T., Shoup, R., & Gonyea, R. M. (2007). Connecting the dots: multi-faceted analyses of the relationship between student engagement results form the NSSE, and institutional. practices and conditions that foster student success (Lumina Foundation for Education Grant # 2518). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University, Center for Postsecondary Research.
Kraft, N., & Wheeler, J. (2003), Service-Learning and Resilience in Disaffected Youth: Research Study.
Krause, K. (2005), Understanding and promoting student engagement in university learning communities Sharing Scholarship in Learning and Teaching: Engaging Students, James Cook University,Townsville/Cairns, Queensland, 21-22 September 2005.
Mann, S., and Robinson, A. (2009), Boredom in the lecture theatre: An investigation into the contributors, moderators, and outcomes of boredom among university students. British Educational Research Journal, 35(2), 243–258.
Merriam, S. B., Cafarella, R. S., and Baumgarter, L. M. (2007) Learning in Adulthood, 3rd edn. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass 1 1944-6578-9-1-104
Mellon, A., Sanders, T., and Vonbartheld, E. (2018) ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE IN SERVICE LEARNING INITIATIVES: A CASE STUDY OF SCHOLARS IN ACTION, Business Studies Journal, Volume 9, Issue 1, 2018 1 1944-
Moffat, J. (2015). The 7 positive qualities of millennials that can help you improve your business. Entrepreneur
Moon, J. (2004). A handbook of reflective and experiential learning: Theory and practice. (p. 126). London, UK:Routledge Falmer.
Mulryan-Kyne, C. (2010), Teaching large classes at college and university level: challenges and Opportunities, Teaching in Higher Education, Vol. 15, No. 2, April 2010, 175_185
Millican, J., & Bourner, T. (2011). Student-community engagement and the changing role and context of higher education. Education & Training. 53, 89-99
Jordaan, M. (2014), Community-based Project Module: A service-learning module for the Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology at the University of Pretoria, International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering Special Edition, pp. 269–282, Fall 2014 ISSN 1555-9033
Pastorino, E. E. (2006), When generations collide in the classroom. Excellence in Teaching, 8.
Paulson, D. R., and Faust, J. L. (2010), Active Learning for The College Classroom. California State University, Los Angeles, CA, 90032 Retrieved from:
http://www.calstatela.edu/dept/chem/chem2/Active/
Poon, P., Chan, T. S., & Zhou, L. (2011). Implementation of service-learning in business education: Issues and challenges. Journal of Teaching in International Business. 22(3).
Pressley, L. (2006), Teaching Milleneals:Library Instruction for the Next Generation.
Ramachandra, A., & Mansor N. A. (2014),"Sustainability of community engagement – in the hands of stakeholders?", Education + Training, Vol. 56 Iss 7 pp. 588 – 598.
Revell, A., and Wainwright, E. (2009), What makes Lectures ‘Unmissable’? Insights into Teaching Excellence and Active Learning, Journal of Geography in Higher Education, Vol 33, No 2, 209-223.
Rutherford, G. E., Walsh, C. A., & Rook, J. (2011) Teaching and learning processes for social transformation: Engaging a kaleidoscope of learners, Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 31(5), pp. 479–492.
Sandaran, S. C. (2012). Service learning: Transforming students, communities and universities. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 66, 380-390.
Schofield, C. P., and Honore, S. (2010), Generation Y and Learning, The Ashridge Journal,Winter 2009-2010,pg 26-32.
Simonet, D. (2008). Service-Learning and Academic Success: The Links to Retention Research, Service-Learning and Academic Success: The Links to Retention Research – May 2008
Solomon, M. (2016).
Thomson, A. M., Smith, A. R., Naidoo, A. V. (2011); Service Learning and Community Engagement: A Comparison of Three National Contexts VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 2011, Volume 22, Number 2, Page 214
Ukleja, M., & Jackson, G. (2015). Why your leadership style isn’t working with Millennials. LeadershipTRAQ, p.1Retrieved from
http://leadershiptraq.com/?s=Why+Your+Leadership+Style +Isn%27t+Working&image.x=0&image. =0
Wickam, M. J.(2018). Using Service-Learning to Enhance Employability Skills in Graduate Business Capstones: A Dissertation Overview Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement, Volume 22, Number 1, p. 163, (2018)
Yacob, K., Omar, R., & Liaw, J. O. H. (2022). The Role of The Socialist Club Influences The Students in The University. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(12), 1298 – 1305.
Zimmerman, T., Schmidt, L., Becker, J., Peterson, J., Nyland, R., & Surdick, R. (2014). Narrowing the gap between students and instructors: A study of expectations. Transformative Dialogues: Teaching & Learning Journal, 7(1), 1-18
