International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

search-icon

Moral Reasoning Stages through Hikmah (Wisdom) Pedagogy in Moral Education

Open access
Moral Education in Malaysia emphasizes on moral reasoning, moral feeling and moral action. The purpose of the study is to examine the evidence in students’ homework that shows improvement in moral reasoning during Hikmah Pedagogy. The total number of students was twenty seven, consisting of thirteen males and fourteen females. There were nineteen Indian students and eight Chinese students. The analysis of the homeworks used the pre-set categories of Kohlberg moral development. The findings from students’ homework indicated that the students had a positive improvement in moral reasoning stages from Homework One to Homework Three in which most of the students moved from pre-conventional to conventional stages, or from pre-conventional to post-conventional stages. The students managed to make decision independently and give reasons for making decision.
Ann, C. M. (1993). Philosophy for children program and the develpoment of critical thinking of gifted elementary students (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Kentucky, USA.
Appoo, P. (2009). Development and evaluation of moral reasoning module for the teaching and learning of moral education (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang.
Balakrishnan, V. (2009). Teaching moral education in secondary school students using real life dilemmas (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from
http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10063/1012/thesis.pdf?sequence=2
Balakrishnan, V. (2010). The Development of moral education in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 25, 89-101. Retrieved from
http://apjee.usm.my/APJEE_25_2010/APJEE_25_06_Vishalache%20(89-101).pdf
Bear, G. G. & Richards, H. C. (1981). Moral reasoning and conduct problems in the classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73(5). 644-670. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.73.5.664
Blatt, M. M., & Kohlberg, L. (1975). The effects of classroom moral discussion upon children’s level of moral judgment. Journal of Moral Education, 4(2), 129-161. doi:10.1080/0305724750040207
Campagna, A. F., & Harter, S. (1975). Moral judgment in sociopathic and normal children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31(2), 199-205. doi:10.1037/h0076318
Hassan, C. N. (1999). Penakkulan moral di kalangang remaja sekolah (Project paper). Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia
Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (2nd ed.). USA: Pearson.
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design, qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Document Standard Curriculum for Primary School. (2013a). Moral education year 6. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Education.
Document Standard Curriculum for Secondary School. (2013b). Moral education year 6. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Education.
Hashim, R. (2007). Education in fostering a united and caring citizenship in Malaysia. In C. Tan, & K. C. Chong. (Eds.), Critical perspective on values education in Asia (pp. 83-97). Singapore: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hashim, R. (2013). Pedagogi Hikmah dan Pengajaran kemahiran berfikir di sekolah. Kuala Lumpur: Centre for Philosophical Inquiry in Education, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).
Hashim, R. (2017). Revitalization of philosophy and philosophical inquiry in Muslim education. The way forward. Six professional Lecture Series. Kuala Lumpur: Kuliyyah of Education.
Hashim, R., Wan Yusoff, W. M., Hussein, S., Khalid, M., & Kamaluddeen, R. (2018). Aplikasi Pedagogi Hikmah bagi pengajaran Bahasa Malaysia dan Bahasa Inggeris Abad ke-21. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 43(2), 37-47
Hoon, C. L. (2013). Revisiting the values in moral education for Malaysian schools. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers & Teacher Education, 3(2), 49-59. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/29803595/Revisiting_the_values_in_Moral_Education_for_Malaysian_schools
Kohlberg, L. (1980). Stages of Moral Development as a basic for Moral Education. In B. Munsey (Ed), Moral Development, Moral Education and Kohlberg: Basic issues in philosophy, psychology, religion and education, 15-100. Birmingham. A.L: Religious Education
Kohlberg, L. (1981). The Philosophy of moral development: Moral stages and the idea of justice. New York: Harper and Row
Konting, M. M. (2004). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka: Kuala Lumpur
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (1989). Education in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2000). Moral education syllabus for secondary school curriculum: Moral education year 1. Kuala Lumpur: Curriculum Development Centre.
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2010). Standard primary school curriculum: Moral education year 1. Kuala Lumpur: Curriculum Developme
In-Text Citation: (Zulkifli & Hashim, 2019)
To Cite this Article: Zulkifli, H., & Hashim, R. (2019). Moral Reasoning Stages through Hikmah (Wisdom) Pedagogy in Moral Education. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 8(4), 886–899.