International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

search-icon

The Impact of Student-Centered Learning on Student Engagement and Academic Performance: Evidence from Malaysian Higher Education

Open access
In higher education, student-centered learning has become a more significant pedagogical method in which universities attempt to enhance the learning process and academic performance among students. Student-centered learning encourages active learning, cooperation, and critical thinking as opposed to the traditional teacher centred instruction that focuses on activity, cooperation, and passive learning. Nevertheless, the empirical impact that student-centered learning has on student engagement and academic performance is not well established in most of the higher learning environments especially among students in universities in Malaysia. This paper therefore discusses how student-centered learning affects student engagement and academic performance among students in universities. The research design used in this study was a quantitative cross-sectional research. The questionnaire of online survey was carried out among 152 Malaysian university students. The measure was used to assess student-centered learning, student engagement, and self-reported academic performance on a five-point Likert scale. Analysis of data collected was done by means of descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results show that student centered learning produces a positive and significant influence on the engagement and performance of the students and student engagement significantly predicts performance. The regression model accounted 27.1 percent and 31 percent of the student engagement and academic performance variance respectively, which showed that the regression model had a moderate power to explain. The implication of these findings is that student-centered learning is significant in improving the learning experiences and perceived academic outcomes among students. The research has added value to the literature as it has merged the student-centered learning, student engagement, and academic performance into a single empirical model. It builds on the literature by offering empirical support of the relationship based on the Malaysian higher education environment where related studies are still under-researched. The results also have some practical implications to the educators and institutions of higher education that aim at enhancing teaching methods and student performances.
Bond, M., Bedenlier, S., Marín, V. I., & Händel, M. (2021). Emergency remote teaching in higher education: Mapping the first global online semester. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00282-x
Bond, M., Buntins, K., Bedenlier, S., Zawacki-Richter, O., & Kerres, M. (2020). Mapping research in student engagement and educational technology in higher education: A systematic evidence map. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17, Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0176-8
Bond, M., Khosravi, H., de Laat, M., Bergdahl, N., Negrea, V., Oxley, E., Pham, P., Chong, S. W., & Siemens, G. (2024). A meta systematic review of artificial intelligence in higher education: A call for increased ethics, collaboration, and rigour. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00436-z
De Bruijn-Smolders, M., & Prinsen, F. R. (2024). Effective student engagement with blended learning: A systematic review. Heliyon, 10(23), e39439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39439
Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(23), 8410–8415. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319030111
Godsk, M., & Møller, K. L. (2025). Engaging students in higher education with educational technology. Education and Information Technologies, 30(3), 2941–2976. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12901-x
Grøndahl Glavind, J., Montes De Oca, L., Pechmann, P., Brauner Sejersen, D., & Iskov, T. (2023). Student-centred learning and teaching: A systematic mapping review of empirical research. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 47(9), 1247–1261. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2023.2241391
Heilporn, G., Raynault, A., & Frenette, É. (2024). Student engagement in a higher education course: A multidimensional scale for different course modalities. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 9, 100794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100794
Kahu, E. R. (2013). Framing student engagement in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 38(5), 758–773. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.598505
Kahu, E. R., & Nelson, K. (2018). Student engagement in the educational interface: Understanding the mechanisms of student success. Higher Education Research & Development, 37(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2017.1344197
Kok, X.-F. K., Pua, C. Y., & Puah, S. (2025). The mediating role of student engagement in the relationship between teacher and digital support and learner satisfaction in blended learning environments at higher education. British Educational Research Journal, 51(3), 1313–1341. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.4123
Korhonen, V., Ketonen, E. E., & Toom, A. (2024). Student engagement and its development in university education: A three-year follow-up study. Learning and Individual Differences, 113, 102465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102465
Kong, S.-C., & Lin, T. (2023). Developing self-regulated learning as a pedagogy in higher education: An institutional survey and case study in Hong Kong. Heliyon, 9(11), e22115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22115
Li, J., & Xue, E. (2023). Dynamic interaction between student learning behaviour and learning environment: Meta-analysis of student engagement and its influencing factors. Behavioral Sciences, 13(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13010059
Morris, T. H. (2023). Self-directed learning and student-centred learning: A conceptual comparison. Pedagogy, Culture & Society. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2023.2282439
Panigrahi, R., Srivastava, P. R., & Panigrahi, P. K. (2021). Effectiveness of e-learning: The mediating role of student engagement on perceived learning effectiveness. Information Technology & People, 34(7), 1840–1862. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-07-2019-0380
Prince, M. (2004). Does active learning work? A review of the research. Journal of Engineering Education, 93(3), 223–231. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2004.tb00809.x
Richardson, M., Abraham, C., & Bond, R. (2012). Psychological correlates of university students’ academic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138(2), 353–387. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026838
Tran, T. T., & Nagirikandalage, P. (2025). Insights into enhancing student engagement: A practical application of blended learning. The International Journal of Management Education, 23(2), 101167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2025.101167
Walsh, J. N., O’Brien, M. P., & Costin, Y. (2021). Investigating student engagement with intentional content: An exploratory study of instructional videos. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(2), 100505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100505
Wong, Z. Y., & Liem, G. A. D. (2022). Student engagement: Current state of the construct, conceptual refinement, and future research directions. Educational Psychology Review, 34(1), 107–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09628-3
Wong, Z. Y., Liem, G. A. D., Chan, M., & Datu, J. A. D. (2024). Student engagement and its association with academic achievement and subjective well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 116(1), 48–75. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000833
Xiong, X. (2025). Influence of teaching styles of higher education teachers on students’ engagement in learning: The mediating role of learning motivation. Education for Chemical Engineers, 51, 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2025.02.005
Xu, X., Shi, Z., Bos, N. A., & Wu, H. (2023). Student engagement and learning outcomes: An empirical study applying a four-dimensional framework. Medical Education Online, 28(1), 2268347. https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2023.2268347
Zepke, N. (2014). Student engagement research in higher education: Questioning an academic orthodoxy. Teaching in Higher Education, 19(6), 697–708. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2014.901956
Dahleez, K. A., El-Saleh, A. A., Al Alawi, A. M., & Abdelfattah, F. (2021). Higher education student engagement in times of pandemic: The role of e-learning system usability and teacher behavior. International Journal of Educational Management, 35(6), 1312–1329. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-04-2021-0120
Yuxi, Z., Alias, A., & Nasri, N. (2026). The Impact of Student-Centered Learning on Student Engagement and Academic Performance: Evidence from Malaysian Higher Education. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 15(2), 1528–1549.