The present research has been conducted with the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of using both cognitive interventions of preparation in the child and parents and siphoning attention in the child on the reported distress caused by sampling or injection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the quality level of situational life in children suffering from cancer. The current research is a totally experimental study with a pretest-posttest design along with a control group. Statistical population consists of entire children affected by all kinds of cancers who had referred to Bou Ali and Amir Kola hospitals in Sari and Babol. 30 children were selected and put randomly in two experimental and control groups. The children were visited twice; at first visit, both groups were placed under routine care and, at second visit, the experimental group received cognitive interventions and the control group received routine care. Data was gathered through demographic questionnaire, CHEOPS (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale) behavioral observation scale and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM Present Functioning Visual Analogue Scale (PedsQLTM vas). Data collection was conducted using the statistical method of covariance analysis. The results reveal that the cognitive interventions of preparation in the child and siphoning attention in the child can reduce distress level and improve the quality of situational life in children. It was discovered that there is a negative and significant correlation between quality of situational life and distress. It was concluded that cognitive interventions are influential in the reduction of distress level and improvement of quality of situational life in children suffering from cancer who are placed under cerebrospinal fluid sampling.
American Academy of pediatrics commitree on psychoso Aspects of child and family Healt and American pain society task force on pain in Infants, children, and Adolescents. (2001). The assessment and management of acure pain in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics, 108, 793-797.
Butt, Z., Yount, S. E., & Cella, D. (2008). Measuring patient Symptoms and other aspects of health-related quality of life. In Lyman, G.H., & Crawford, J. (Eds.), cancer supportive care: Advances in therapeutic strategies. New York: Informa Healthcare U.S.A, Inc.
Farrokhnia, M., Shahidi, Sh., and Fathabadi, J. (2011). Evaluating effect of cognitive interventions in reducing pain, distress and improving quality of situational life in children with cancer. Scientific Journal of Shahid Beheshti Psychology Faculty, 2 (10), 35-42.
Greenberg, R. S., Billett, C., Zahurak, M., & Yaster, M. (1999). Videptape increases parental knowledge about pediatric pain management. Anesth Analg, 89, 4, 899-903.
Hath, M. M., Broome, M. E., & Good, M. (2004). I magery reduces children’s post- operative pain- pain, 110 (1-2), 439-48.
Holland, J. (2002). History of psycho –oncology:overcoming attitudinal barriers. Psyehosom Med, 64 , 206-221.
Holland, J. C., Weiss, T. R., & Rueda-Lara, M. (2008). Management of anxiety and depressive symptoms. In Liman, G. H., & Crawford, J. ( Eds), cancer supportive care : Advances in thera peutic strategies. New York: Informa Healthcave USA, Inc.
Holland, J. C., & Alici, Y. (2010). Management of distress in cancer patients. Journal of Supportive on Cology, 8, 4-12.
Jaaniste, T., Hayes, B., & Von Baeyer, C. L. (2007b). Effects of preparatory information and and distraction on children’s cold- pressor pain outcomes: A randomized controlled trial. Behavi our Research and Therapy, 45, 2789- 2799.
Kazak, A. E., Penati, B., Boyer, B. A., Himelstein, B., Brophy, P., & Waibel, M. K. (1996). A randomized controlled prospective outcome study of a psychological and pharmacological intervention protocol for procedural distress hn pediatric leukemia. Journal of prodiatric psychology, 21, 5, 615-631.
Kring, A. M., Davison, G. C., Neil, J. M. Johnson, S. L. (2007). Psychopathology first volume. Trans. Hamid Shamsipour, (1999). Tehran. Arjmand publications.
Mac laren, J. E., & COHEN, L. L. (2005). A Comparison of parental reassurance versus distraction on child distress and coping during immunizations. children's Health care, 29 , 3 , 161 – 177 .
Martensson, G., carlsson, M., & Lampic, C. (2008). Do nurses and cancer patients agree on cancer patient’s coping resources, emotional distress and quality of life? European Journal of Cancer Care, 17, 350-360.
Moorey, S., & Greer, S. (2002). cognitive – behavior therapy for people with cancer. U K: Oxford University Press.
Morvarid, M. J., and Delpisheh, A. (2000). Sedative cares and pain relief solutions for children suffering from cancer. Elam. Kia Teb Publications.
Naar-King, S., Ellis, D. A., Frey, M. A. (2004). Assessing children's well-being: A handbook of measures. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates U.S.A.
Polkki, T., Vehvilainen-Julkunen, K., & Pietila, A. M. (2002). Parent's roles in using non-pharmacological methods in their child's postoperative pain alleviation. Jclin Nurs, 11, 4, 526-36.
Powers, S. W. (1999). Empirically supported treatments in pediatric psychology: procedure- related pain. Journal of pediatric psychology; 24, 131-145.
Reyes-Gibby, C. C., & Cleeland, C. S. (2005). Epidemiology of pain and cancer-related symptoms. In Shaw, A. D., Riedel, B. J., Burton, A. W., Fields, A. I. , & Feeley, T. W. (Eds) , Acute care of cancer patient. U.S.A: Taylor & Francis Group.
Soni, M. K., & Cella, D. (2002) Quality of life and symptom measures in oncology: an overview. The American Journal of Managed care. &, S 560-S573.
In-Text Citation: (Khalilpoor et al., 2015)
To Cite this Article: Khalilpoor, S., Bagheri, S. N., Hejazi, M., Jalalzadeh, S. S. (2015). The Effectiveness of Cognitive Interventions on Distress Level and Quality of Situational Life in Children Suffering from Cancer. International Journal of Academic Research in Psychology. 2(1), 124-135.
Copyright: © 2015 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
