The main objective of this paper is to identify the financial factors that impact on the functionality and profitability of SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises). Our research has been applied to small and medium enterprises from Romania taken into consideration the financial indicators from 2009 to 2012 in order to test the correlation between them and the profitability of the invested capital. We chose SMEs because in the last decade there have been significant developments in this sector which have increased its importance. Our study results showed that managerial decisions on investment can influence decisively the profitability of SMEs especially in a period of economic instability. The importance of SMEs in a developing country like Romania is crucial, the development of this sector has direct effects on the development of the country mainly because SMEs represent about 99% of all firms in Romania, providing approximately 50% of GDP and also providing approximately 65% of the jobs.
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