A family unit is like an organization. The proactive role played by Human Resource Development in an organization, is synonymous to that of parenting in a family unit. In other words, proactive parenting plays the significant role of Human Resource Development in a family unit. Ineffective parenthood sometimes leads to ineffective offspring, which is similar to unproductive employees been unable to help achieve performance in an organization. Deploying the constituent parts of A-M-O model which are abilities, motivation, and opportunities, HRD practices in the context of an organization, namely training and development, performance appraisals, and feedback mechanisms, are able to assist in bringing the needed transformation resulting to proactive parenting and well-organized family units. These are enablers for workforce and organizational efficiency, in addition to the wellbeing of the larger society. Employing a narrative review, the study focuses and explains the role of HRD practices for proactive parenting, through its incorporation into the mechanisms of A-M-O model. Utilizing the A-M-O model and the three HRD activities investigated for the study, future studies can apply qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-method research on selected families of working parents. In deploying primary data, this can bring in different viewpoint and outcome, when compared to that of the present study.
Agarwal, S., & Qouyatahi, K. M. S. A. (2017). HRM Challenges in the Age of Globalization. International Research Journal of Business Studies, 10(2), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.10.2.89-98
Al-Tit, A. A. (2020). The Impact of AMO-HR Systems on Proactive Employee Behavior: The Mediating Contribution of Leader-member and Team-member Exchange. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 12, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1847979020947236
Appelbaum, E., Bailey, T., Berg, P., & Kalleberg, A. (2000). Manufacturing Advantage: Why High Performance Work Systems Pay Off. New York: Cornell University Press.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Baranek, L. K. (1996). The Effect of Rewards and Motivation on Student Achievement [Master's Thesis, Grand Valley State University].
https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1292&context=theses
Callan, S. (2014). Building a Strong Society Requires Effective Family Policy. DIFI Family Research and Proceedings, 1(1), 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/difi.2014.1
Chan, D. C. (2006). Core Competencies and Performance Management in Canadian Public Libraries. Library Management, 27(3), 144-153.
Chang, H., Shaw, D. S., Dishion, T. J., Gardner, F., & Wilson, M. N. (2015). Proactive Parenting and Children’s Effortful Control: Mediating Role of Language and Indirect Intervention Effects. Review of Social Development, 24(1), 206-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12069
Chen, Z. (2021). Influence of Working from Home during the COVID-19 Crisis and HR Practitioner Response. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(710517), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.710517
Conger, R. D., Conger, K. J., & Martin, M. J. (2010). Socioeconomic Status, Family Processes, and Individual Development. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 72(3), 685–704. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00725.x
Dhas, D. B., & Karthikeyan, P. (2015). Work-Life Balance Challenges and Solutions: Overview. International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies, 2(12), 10-19.
Dijk, D. V., & Michal, S. M. (2015). Performance Appraisal and Evaluation. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2nd Ed.), 17, 716–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.22034-5
Dousin, O., Collins, N., & Kler, B. K. (2019). Work-Life Balance, Employee Job Performance and Satisfaction among Doctors and Nurses in Malaysia. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(4), 306-319. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i4.15697
Frye, E. Y. (2019). The Role of HRD in Influencing Ethical Behavior and Corporate Social Responsibility within Organizations. New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, 32(2), 62-66.
Galvan, A. (2010). Adolescent Development of the Reward System. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4(6), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.09.006.2010
Garavan, T. N., & McGuire, D. (2010). Human Resource Development and Society: Human Resource Development’s Role in Embedding Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability, and Ethics in Organizations. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 12(5), 487-507. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422310394757
Gilbreath, B., & Montesino, M. U. (2006). Expanding the HRD Role: Improving Employee Well-being and Organizational Performance. Human Resource Development International, 9(4), 563-571. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678860601032684
Holden, G. W. (2021). Theoretical Perspectives on Parenting in Parenting: A Dynamic Perspective. 3rd ed. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
Igbinomwanhia, O. R., Iyayi, O., & Iyayi, F. (2012). Employee Work-Life Balance as an HR Imperative. African Research Review, 6(3), 109-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v6i3.8
Kareem, M. A. (2019). The Impact of Human Resource Development on Organizational Effectiveness: An Empirical Study. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 7(1), 29-50. https://doi.org/10.25019/MDKE/7.1.02
Kareem, M. A., & Hussein, I. J. (2019). The Impact of Human Resource Development on Employee Performance and Organizational Effectiveness. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 7(3), 307-322. https://doi.org/10.25019/MDKE/7.3.02
Kim, N. (2012). Societal Development through Human Resource Development: Contexts and Key Change Agents. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 14(3), 239-250. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422312446054
Lazar, I., Osoian, C., & Ratiu, P. (2010). The Role of Work-Life Balance Practices in Order to Improve Organizational Performance. European Research Studies, XIII(1), 201-214.
Litchfield, P., Cooper, C., Hancock, C., & Watt, P. (2016). Work and Wellbeing in the 21st Century †. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(11), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111065
Luu, T. T. (2018). Employees’ Green Recovery Performance: The Roles of Green HR Practices and Serving Culture. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(8), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1443113
Misra, K., Seitz, S., & Bithika, F. (2019). Human Resource Practices and Work-Family Conflict: The Role of Family and Work Status. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(4), 110-132.
Moreno-Ruiz, D., Estevez, E., Jimenez, T. I., Murgui, S. (2018). Parenting Style and Reactive and Proactive Adolescent Violence: Evidence from Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(12), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122634
Mustafa, M. J., & Elliott, C. (2019). The Curious Case of Human Resource Development in Family?small?to?medium Sized Enterprises. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 30(6), 281-290. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21370
Nasir, S. Z. (2017). Emerging Challenges of HRM in 21st Century: A Theoretical Analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(3), 216-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i3/2727
Nikolic, T. M., Peric, N., & Bovan, A. (2020). The Role of Feedback as a Management Tool in Performance Management Program. Quality - Access to Success, 21(177), 3-8.
Odendaal, H. (2021). Why Hybrid Work Models Level The Playing Field For Working Parents. Forbes Business Council. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2021/08/06/why-hybrid-work-models-level-the-playing-field-for-working-parents/?sh=36b809461a96
Osolase, E. H., Rasdi, R. B. M., & Mansor, Z. B. D. (2022). Greening of Human Resource Development Subsystems for Environmental Management and Performance: The ADKAR Model Perspective. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(4), 141–161. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i4/12362
Parikh, R. Ms., & Gandhi, H. (2014). HR Interventions for Work Life Balance. International Journal for Research in Management and Pharmacy, 3(3), 20-26.
Rani, T. J., & Priya, V. K. (2022). The Role of Human Resource Policies on Work Life Balance among Information Technology Sector of Women Professionals. Journal of Information and Organizational Sciences, 46(1), 255-266. https://doi.org/10.31341/jios.46.1.14
Rene, N. N. (2020). Work Life Balance and Its Impact as a Strategic Human Resources Management Policy in Private Sector Organizations in Equatorial Guinea. SSRN, 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3698924
Rodriguez-Sanchez, J. L., Gonzalez-Torres, T., Montero-Navarro, A., & Gallego-Losada, R. (2020). Investing Time and Resources for Work-Life Balance: The Effect on Talent Retention. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061920
Roopavathi, S., & Kishore, K. (2020). The Impact of Work Life Balance on Employee Performance. Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research, 12(10), 31-37.
Shirmohammadi, M., Au, W. C., & Beigi, M. (2021). Remote Work and Work-life balance: Lessons Learned from the Covid-19 Pandemic and Suggestions for HRD Practitioners. Human Resource Development International, 25(2), 163-181.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2022.2047380
Shuck, B., Twyford, D., Reio, T. G., & Shuck, A. (2014). Human Resource Development Practices and Employee Engagement: Examining the Connection with Employee Turnover Intentions. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 25(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21190
Simon, A. I. D. (2021). Communication in Healthy Parenting: The Interplay of Positive Parenting Strategies and Parents’ Communication Styles. In (Ed.), Parenting - Challenges of Child Rearing in a Changing Society. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101026
Smith, I. (2004). Continuing Professional Development and Workplace Learning 7: Human Resource Development – A Tool for Achieving Organizational Change. Library Management, 25(3), 148-151.
Tariq, A., Aslam, H. D., Siddique, A., & Tanveer, A. (2012). Work-Life Balance as a Best Practice Model of Human Resource Management: A Win-Win Situational Tool for the Employees and Organizations. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1), 577-585. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2012.03.01.577
Tissot, C., & Evans, R. (2003). Visual Teaching Strategies for Children with Autism. Early Child Development and Care, 173(4), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/0300443032000079104
Torraco, R. J., & Lundgren, H. (2020). What HRD is doing—What HRD should be doing: The Case for Transforming HRD. Human Resource Development Review, 19(1), 39-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484319877058
Turner, L. H., & West, R. (2018). Perspectives on Family Communication. 5th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Wood, J., Oh, J., Park, J., & Kim, W. (2020). The Relationship between Work Engagement and Work–Life Balance in Organizations: A Review of the Empirical Research. Human Resource Development Review, 19(3), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484320917560
In-Text Citation: (Osolase et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Osolase, E. H., Rasdi, R. M., Mansor, Z. D., Janodi, M. R., Hamsar, M. N., Lukhman, A. A., & Ijod, G. (2022). Human Resource Development Practices for Proactive Parenting: Navigating the Challenges through A-M-O Model. International Journal of Academic Research in Public Policy and Governace, 8(1), 48–61.
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode